Everything You Need To Know About Henry Clay To Succeed In APUSH wwwApushreviewcom Henry Clay Through The Ages Life of Henry Clay Married to Lucretia Hart Father to 11 children 6 daughters 5 sons ID: 676170
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APUSH Review: Henry Clay
Everything You Need To Know About Henry Clay To Succeed In APUSH
www.Apushreview.comSlide2
Henry Clay Through The AgesSlide3
Life of Henry Clay
Married to Lucretia HartFather to 11 children6 daughters, 5 sons7 children died before Henry
6 daughters, 1 son – Henry Jr.
June 29, 1852: Henry died at the age of 75
First person to lie in state at the Capitol buildingSlide4
Early Political Life
Elected senator from KY at age 29 (That’s unconstitutional!) Why?Served for the next 40+ years as a senator, Representative, and Secretary of StateYoungest Speaker of the House, elected in his first term (1812)Slide5
War of 1812
Prior to the war, Henry and some colleagues (most notably John C. Calhoun) were “war hawks”What famous presidents make their name during the War of 1812?
Causes of war?
Impressment
Britain did not respect US neutrality
Chesapeake IncidentArming of Native AmericansServed as peacemaker during the Treaty of GhentEnded the warNo land gained or lostBritain finally leaves their portsSlide6
The Missouri (1820) Compromise
In 1819, Missouri (from the LA Purchase) applied for statehood as a slave stateThe problem?
It would upset the slave/free balance
Along comes our hero!
His solution???
MO added as a slave stateME (carved from them Massachusetts) would be added as free36°30’: (in the future) above: free, below: slaveClay becomes overnight heroTallmadge Amendment: introduced by Tallmadge to eventually grant freedom to children of slaves: never passed, fear of slave restrictionsSlide7
The election of 1824
James Monroe finished 8 years as PresidentThe Contenders:Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s Secretary of State)
William Crawford (has a stroke prior to the election)
Henry Clay
The Outcome:Jackson wins popular vote, no one wins an electoral majorityTop 3 go to the House to vote (Sorry Henry!)Slide8
The “Corrupt Bargain of 1824”
As Speaker of the House, Clay could decide electionIf he finished in top 3, he would have been President
Throws his support behind Adams
He disliked the “military
chieftan
” JacksonAdams made Clay his Secretary of State (steppingstone to the Presidency)Jackson and his supporters are furious!Did Adams/Clay do anything “wrong?”Legally, noClay was the best person to be Secretary of State (may have been Jackson’s as well)
Per the Constitution, the House gets to decide the presidency under those conditionsSlide9
Impact of “Corrupt Bargain”
Adams’ and Clay’s legacies are tarnishedAll but guarantees Jackson the presidency in 1828“Bargain” would haunt Clay foreverJackson v. Clay for remainder of their lives
Jackson said on his deathbed one of his biggest regrets was not shooting Henry ClaySlide10
High Tariffs
“Tariff of Abominations” (Tariff of 1828)Designed to hurt Adams’ presidencyRaised tariff rates sky-high
Which area of the country would like the tariff? Which area(s) would dislike it?
South Carolina, led by Jackson’s vice-president, Calhoun leads protest against the tariff
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Inspired by Jefferson’s and Madison’s VA and KY Resolutions, Calhoun urged SC to nullify the tariffSlide11
Tariff of 1832
Like the tariff of Abominations, high tariff ratesWithout question, Civil War looked imminentHenry Clay saves the day again (to Jackson’s dismay)Slide12
Compromise #2…….
Tariff Compromise of 1833The tariff rate would lower 10% a year for the next 8 yearsNorth and South walk away feeling victorious
Jackson signs the “Force Bill” or “Bloody Bill”
Allows the president to use military to collect tariffs in the future
As a sign of defiance, SC nullifies the law, but it was only symbolicSlide13
Election of 1832 (Failure #2)
Henry v. AndrewAt the center of the election: The BUSJackson hated BUS, vetoed recharter
– set to expire in 1836
Clay favored BUS and its president, Nicholas Biddle
Jackson withdraws all money from BUS, places money in state “pet” banks -> helps lead to Panic of 1837 during MVB’s presidency
Clay loses the election 219-49 Slide14
Election of 1844 (Failure #3)
Clay’s best chance to winBy far most popular man in the country (Jackson would die within a year)
Texas would join the Union AFTER the election
Prior to and during the election, TX was a huge debate
Polk (Democratic “dark-horse” and Jackson protégé was in favor of adding), Clay on the fence about it (TX would be a slave state)
Manifest Destiny began sweeping the nation, Polk was in favor of expansionPolk wins in an upset, Jackson loved lifeSlide15
Mexican American War
War begins after Polk claimed Americans were attacked on American soilLand was in disputeSome in Congress wanted to know exact “Spot”
Lincoln (who idolized Clay)
War lasts for 2 years, Clay vehemently against
Son Henry Clay Jr. killed by Mexican bayonets at the Battle of Buena VistaSlide16
Impact of Mexican-American War
Further sets off slavery debateWhat to do with all this new land?Wilmot Proviso and Free-S
oilers
favored NON-EXTENSION of slavery into these territories
Enter Clay one last time, at age 73 no less!
I looked like this then!Slide17
Compromise of 1850 (Our hero’s 3rd
, and most important Compromise)Southerners wanted all land in Mexican Cession open to slavery, North against it
CA applied for admission as a free state (would tip balance in favor of free, 16-15)
How to make South AND North happy?
5 parts, voted on separately made up the Compromise
Stephen Douglas (Lincoln-Douglas debates), Senator from IL, also helped play a huge role in the CompromiseSlide18
5 Parts
Strict Fugitive Slave LawPopular Sovereignty in Mexican CessionCalifornia admitted as a free stateAbolition of slave trade in D.C.
Texas paid $ to settle boundary disputeSlide19
Impact of Compromise
Avoids Civil War for the next 10 yearsIncrease tensions over fugitive slave lawNorth passes “personal liberty laws”In a sense, the North was nullifying the fugitive slave law
Rise of Stephen Douglas as a leading politician
Calhoun, Jackson, Webster, Clay pass the torch to a new generation of politiciansSlide20
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