Overview Charles Lindberghs famous contribution to aviation The significance of the first transatlantic flight Other significant contributions that helped flight become mainstream Chapter 3 Lesson 2 ID: 676873
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Flight Goes MainstreamSlide2
Chapter 3, Lesson 2OverviewCharles Lindbergh’s famous contribution to aviation
The significance of the first transatlantic flightOther significant contributions that helped flight become mainstreamSlide3
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Warm Up QuestionsCPS Questions
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Courtesy of Comstock ImagesSlide4
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Quick Write
Give some examples of the equipment aboard modern transatlantic aircraft that Charles Lindbergh did not have when he made his famous New York-to-Paris flight.
(Note to Instructor: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)Slide5
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Lindbergh’s Famous Flight
Charles Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo nonstop from New York to ParisHis transatlantic flight opened people’s minds to larger possibilities of air travelIn July 1927, still piloting the Spirit of St. Louis, Lindbergh embarked on a tour of the country
Courtesy of the Hill Aerospace Museum Slide6
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Goodwill Ambassador Lindbergh made speeches in 72 cities
He encouraged people to get pilot trainingHis efforts to promote civil aviation led to the construction of hundreds of airportsHe was a true goodwill ambassador for aviationSlide7
Chapter 3, Lesson 2More Touring In December 1927 Lindbergh capped off a historic year with a 3,200-mile all-American tour
He then continued southward to a dozen other Latin American countriesOver the next several years, Lindbergh and his wife, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, worked in civil aviationSlide8
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Significance of the First Transatlantic Flight
Milestone: an important event, such as a breakthrough in the advancement of knowledge in a fieldThe Wright brothers’ flight on 17 December 1903 was a milestone flightSo was Lindbergh’s transatlantic solo flight In the early 20th century, such milestone flights came one after anotherSlide9
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Learning Check #1CPS Questions
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Courtesy of Comstock ImagesSlide10
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Amelia Earhart’s First Transatlantic Flight
Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly across the AtlanticBut she went as a passenger, not a pilotIn April 1928 aviator Wilmer Stultz asked her to accompany him and his navigator as they crossed the Atlantic
Courtesy of the Hill Aerospace Museum Slide11
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Amelia Earhart’s First Transatlantic Flight
They were seeking a prize offered by Pittsburgh heiress Amy Phipps GuestShe wanted to get a woman across the ocean in the air—even if only as a passengerThe plane Stultz, Gordon, and Earhart flew was the Friendship—a Fokker C-2 trimotor It was a long, cold, dangerous tripSlide12
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Earhart the ApprenticeThe flight was a great opportunity for Earhart to be an
apprentice—a person who works with a skilled master to learn by practical experienceStultz was one of the best pilots of that dayAnd Earhart didn’t miss a thingSlide13
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Transcontinental FlightBut not everyone accepted Earhart as a hero
They said she’d depended on the luck and the skill of her male pilotBut finally she proved her courage: she made more milestone flightsShe set the altitude record for an autogiro, an early, helicopter-like aircraft,
reaching 18,415 feetThen she became the first woman, and second person, to make a transcontinental—coast-to-coast—flight in an autogiroSlide14
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Earhart’s Solo Crossing of the Atlantic
But for Earhart, the milestone that mattered most was a solo crossing of the AtlanticShe wanted to be the first woman to do itOn 20 May 1932 she took off in her Lockheed Vega from Harbour Grace, NewfoundlandFifteen hours later, she touched down at a farm outside Londonderry in Northern IrelandSlide15
Chapter 3, Lesson 2More MilestonesEarhart reached another milestone in 1935 as the first pilot to fly from Honolulu to Oakland, California
At that point, Earhart felt the only goal left was a “true” round-the-world flightEarhart’s goal was to circle the globe as close as possible to the equator—the imaginary circle that divides Earth into northern and southern halvesSlide16
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Earhart’s DisappearanceEarhart took off 2 June 1937, with copilot Frederick Noonan
All went well for 40 days while they racked up 22,000 milesBut on the longest leg of the trip, from Lae, New Guinea, to Howland Island in the Pacific, the plane disappearedSlide17
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Earhart’s DisappearancePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered a massive search, but it was not successful
The US Navy declared Earhart and Noonan lost at sea
Taken from Wikipedia.comSlide18
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Learning Check #2CPS Questions
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Courtesy of Comstock ImagesSlide19
Chapter 3, Lesson 21st Lt James Doolittle
1st Lt James Harold Doolittle made a milestone flight on 24 September 1929His milestone was the first successful blind flight—the act of taking off and landing relying solely on instruments inside the cockpit for guidance
Because of his work, manufacturers started equipping planes with instruments and two-way radiosSlide20
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Sgt William C. OckerOcker worked with Capt David A. Myers to solve the problem of spatial disorientation
Spatial disorientation is a condition in which a person’s sense of direction does not agree with reality
Courtesy of the U.S. Air Force Slide21
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Spatial DisorientationA pilot who is spatially disoriented literally doesn’t know which end is up
In the early days, even experienced pilots could get confused when visibility was poorThey sometimes thought they were banking left when they were banking rightThis happened because they’d lost sight of the horizon, which they used to orient themselvesSlide22
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Turn and Bank IndicatorFor years Ocker had used a turn-and-bank indicator to help him stay oriented while flying
Ocker’s “lightbulb” moment came when he realized that the times when the indicator seemed wrong were exactly the times when he needed it mostWhen he was disoriented, the indicator was correct
Taken from wikipedia.com Slide23
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Ocker’s WorkOcker and Myers realized that pilots of the future would have to rely more heavily on instruments
Their work led to Doolittle’s successful blind flightOcker developed a number of devices that became critical to pilot training and aviation in generalThese inventions are forerunners of today’s flight simulatorsSlide24
Chapter 3, Lesson 2First Aerial Refueling Another hurdle to mainstream aviation was providing enough fuel for long-distance runs
Pilots needed a system for aerial refueling, which is taking on more fuel in flightTwo Army lieutenants, 1st Lt Lowell H. Smith and 1st Lt J. P. Richter, achieved this in 1923
They were able to stay aloft for 37 hours and 15 minutesSlide25
Chapter 3, Lesson 2The Question MarkOn New Year’s Day 1929, Maj Carl Spaatz took off in the
Question Mark, a Fokker C-2 TrimotorBy the time he landed—almost a week later—he had set an endurance recordSpaatz and his crew stayed up 150 hours, 40 minutes, and 15 secondsThey had refueled 37 timesSlide26
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Refueling the Question Mark
Taken from wikipedia.com
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Chapter 3, Lesson 2AirmailThe Post Office Department started the first airmail service on 15 May 1918
It used a few planes borrowed from the ArmyRegular airmail service started 1 July 1924Airmail not only sped up mail delivery—it contributed a great deal to the development of the airlinesSlide28
Chapter 3, Lesson 2AirlinesThe passage of the Air Commerce Act on 20 May 1926 provided for the first federal safety regulation of aviation for pilots and aircraft
It also sparked the growth of commercial airlinesIn 1934 Congress passed another airmail act—it separated the air-transport companies from the aircraft manufacturersSlide29
Chapter 3, Lesson 2ReviewLindbergh’s transatlantic flight opened people’s minds to larger possibilities of air travel
In the early 20th century, the golden age of aviation, milestone flights came one after anotherAmelia Earhart was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic; first as a passenger, then flying soloSlide30
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Review1st
Lt James Harold Doolittle made another milestone flight on 24 September 1929—the first successful blind flightSgt William C. Ocker worked with Capt David A. Myers to solve the problem of spatial disorientationOcker developed a number of devices that became critical to pilot training and aviation in generalSlide31
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Learning Check #3CPS Questions
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Courtesy of Comstock ImagesSlide32
Chapter 3, Lesson 2ReviewOn New Year’s Day 1929, Maj Carl Spaatz took off in the
Question MarkBy the time he landed—almost a week later—he had set an endurance recordThe Post Office Department started the first airmail service on 15 May 1918The passage of the Air Commerce Act on 20 May 1926 provided for the first federal safety regulation of aviation for pilots and aircraft Slide33
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Review QuestionsCPS Questions
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Courtesy of Comstock ImagesSlide34
Chapter 3, Lesson 2SummaryCharles Lindbergh’s famous contribution to aviation
The significance of the first transatlantic flightOther significant contributions that helped flight become mainstreamSlide35
Chapter 3, Lesson 2Next….Done—flight goes mainstream
Next—commercial flight, airmail, and helicopters
Courtesy of the EAA/Jim Koepnick