Learning Objectives Introduction to Immunity Innate Immunity Lymphoid Tissue Introduction to Immunity Immunitas Freedom from Immunity is the ability of body to destroy potentially hazardousharmful foreign substances if entered in body that is it provides FREEDOM from any foreign invader ID: 930351
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Slide1
Immunity
By Dr Sunita Mittal
Slide2Learning Objectives
Introduction to ImmunityInnate Immunity
Lymphoid Tissue
Slide3Introduction to Immunity
Immunitas : Freedom from
Immunity is the ability of body to destroy potentially hazardous/harmful foreign substances, if entered in body, that is it provides FREEDOM from any foreign invader.
Slide4Types of Immunity
Depending on presence-since birth or after birth ▪ Innate (Non specific immunity) - present since birth
▪
Acquired (
S
pecific immunity) - develop afterwards
▫
Humoral Immunity ▫Cellular Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Slide5Innate Immunity
▪
Innate (Non specific immunity)-
It denotes to
nonspecific protection
mechanisms that come into play
immediately
or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. These mechanisms include-
1) Physical barriers:
2) Chemical barriers: 3) Cellular Components: 4) Proteins:
Slide6▪Natural killer cells (also known as
Nk cells, K cells, and killer cells) are a type of lymphocyte which does not undergo processing, show much faster immune reaction and thus a component of innate immune system.
Natural killer cells
Interferon
▪
Interferons are named after their ability to "interfere" with
viral replication within host cells.
Slide7Alternate pathway of complement system
Slide8Lymphoid Tissue
Lymphoid tissue are the sites of processing to form immunocompetent lymphocytes and storage.
Primary lymphoid tissue (Central lymphoid tissue )
Secondary lymphoid tissue (Peripheral lymphoid tissue)
Slide9Primary Lymphoid Tissue-Thymus
Thymus increases in size from birth (10-15 gm to 40 gm at puberty) in response to postnatal antigen stimulation and regresses thereafter, still, minimal T lymphopoiesis
continues throughout adult life.
Slide101) Formation of specific surface receptors during Maturation:2) Development of ‘Tolerance
to self antigen proteins’: Primary Lymphoid Tissue-Thymus
Slide11▪This
is the body's largest lymphatic organ. ▪ It is
a large encapsulated organ in left upper part of abdomen, the outer capsule is
fibro-elastic.
Like the
thymus,
the spleen has only efferent lymphatic
vessels.
The germinal centers are supplied by
arterioles. Secondary Lymphoid Tissue-Spleen
Slide12Secondary Lymphoid Tissue – Lymph Nodes
500-600 lymph nodes in the human body are grouped in clusters in different regions as at the base of limbs, abdominal and neck areas , where lymph is collected from regions of the body likely to sustain pathogen contamination from injuries.
Slide13Secondary Lymphoid Tissue – Lymphoid follicles
Slide14Lymph, (lymph = clear fluid
)Fluid filters out of capillaries and drains into lymphatic vessels to become lymph and circulates throughout the
lymphatic
system.
Lymph
is
same
as interstitial fluid, the fluid around tissue cells.
Lymph eventually drains into venous blood.Lymph
Slide15Self Assessment
Immunity is the ability of body to ……………………….potentially hazardous/harmful foreign substances
.
Innate immunity
denotes to
………….
protection mechanisms that come into play
………………..of an antigen's
appearance
in the body.Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte which does not undergo ……………………Interferons are named after their ability to "interfere"
with …………………………………..within host cells.………………………
is the body's largest lymphatic organ. Tolerance to self antigen proteins develop in …………………..
Slide16Thank you