pp 997 1008 There are two systems that regulate the body The nervous system relays information to the body using that travel very but the messages are shortlived The ID: 932429
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Slide1
Endocrine System Notes
Slide2THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
(pp. 997 - 1008)
There are two systems that regulate the body. The
nervous system relays information to the body using ___ _________________________ that travel very _______, but the messages are short-lived. The endocrine system uses _________________, or _________________ messages that travel through the _________ to relay information to the body..
Electrical system
fast
hormones
chemicals
blood
Slide3THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system is slower-acting, but the action of hormones is _______________________. The ____________________, which maintains homeostasis in the body, controls most of the glands of the endocrine system.
Longer lasting
hypothalamus
Slide4Slide5I. ENDOCRINE GLAND FUNCTION
A
. Hormone Production
Hormones help regulate growth, metabolism, appearance, behavior, growth, reproduction, and fluid balance. Most hormones are produced by _______________ glands.
endocrine
Slide6ENDOCRINE GLAND FUNCTION
Endocrine
glands are unique because they are ductless; in other words, hormones are secreted into ____________________ and the _____________________ system transports the hormone to its destination. Its destination is known as its ______________. A hormone may have only one target, or it may have several.
the blood
circulatory
target
Slide7ENDOCRINE GLAND FUNCTION
B. Control of Hormone Production
Hormone release is regulated by a mechanism known as ____________________________. Information about the effect of the hormone is “fed back” to the gland. When the desired condition is reached, the gland ________________________________________
Negative feedback
Switches off
Slide8NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM
Slide9TYPES OF HORMONES
C. Types of Hormones
– Hormones can be placed in two groups based on chemical structure:1. Peptide hormones – Most hormones are composed of _________________ and are known as peptide hormones.
2. Steroids – _____________ molecules derived from _____________________. Include the sex hormones - ________________________________
proteins
Lipid
cholesterol
t
estosterone & estrogen
Slide10Slide11HORMONE
GLAND
EFFECT
Growth Hormone
Pituitary Gland
Stimulates _
mitosis
_; undersecretion results in _
dwarfism
__; oversecretion results in _
gigantism
_
Thyroxine
Thyroid
Regulates __
metabolism
____; requires _
iodine
___ for normal function
Insulin
Pancreas
_
Lowers
________ blood _
glucose
___ concentration by stimulating cells to take up glucose; triggers storage of glucose as _
glycogen
______; not produced in individuals with _
Type I Diabetes
_____
Glucagon
Pancreas
__
Increases
______ blood glucose concentration by breaking down _
glycogen
_______ stored in liver to glucose
Slide12Epinephrine
(_
Adrenaline_)
Adrenal Glands
Known as _
”fight or flight”
________ hormone
_
Bronchioles
___ dilate to increase air flow for _
cellular respiration
_____
_
Glycogen
_____ in the liver is broken down to glucose for _
cellular respiration
____
_
Heart
___ rate is increased
Blood flow to the _
skeletal
__ muscles increases
Blood flow to the _
digestive
____ system is decreased
Slide13Testosterone
Testes
Triggers development of secondary sex characteristics; _
meiosis
_____ to produce __haploid____ sperm cells.
Estrogen/Progesterone
Ovaries
Triggers development of secondary sex characteristics; __
meiosis
______ to produce __
haploid
_____ egg cells.
Slide14Reproductive System
Slide15Function:
The purpose of the reproductive system is to produce _
gametes
_ and allow for _fertilization_ to take place. Although a healthy reproductive system is not a requirement for an individual _
organism, it is essential for continuation of a _species
.
Slide16Male Reproductive System
Scrotum
– Contains
testes; allows for _lower
temperature needed for sperm productionTestes – Site of _
gamete_ production. Specialized _diploid
(2n) cells undergo _meiosis
_ to produce _haploid (n) sperm cells.
Meiosis begins at _
puberty
and continues until _
death
Each meiotic division produces
4
sperm cells with
23
chromosomes
Slide17Male Reproductive System
Scrotum
– Contains
testes; allows for _lower
temperature needed for sperm productionTestes – Site of _
gamete_ production. Specialized _diploid
(2n) cells undergo _meiosis
_ to produce _haploid (n) sperm cells.
Meiosis begins at _
puberty
and continues until _
death
Each meiotic division produces
4
sperm cells with
23
chromosomes
Slide18Epididymis- sperm mature & are stored
Vas
Deferens
– Tubes that transport sperm to _
urethra.Glands
Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles
– Produce _semen to provide _
nutrients, protect sperm from acidic vaginaBulbourethral Gland
– Produces acid neutralizer to protect sperm from any residual _
urine
_____ in urethra
Penis
– Means for sperm delivery via _
urethra
during _
ejaculation
_
Slide19Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system is designed for _
gamete
production and development of the _embryo
_ following fertilization.
Slide20Female Reproductive
System
Ovary
– Site of meiosis and gamete production; however there are three ways oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis:Meiosis begins _
before birth, but it is paused until puberty so females are born with total set of immature egg cells. During the female menstrual cycle, one egg cell or _ovum
__ completes meiosis.Meiosis stops when a female is 45-55 years old. Known as _menopause;
menstruation ceasesMeiosis produces only _one_ egg cell. The other 3 cells disintegrate so that the single egg cell contains all the _
cytoplasm.
Slide21Female Reproductive system
Oviducts
– Also known as the _
fallopian tubes____. Passageway for egg cell during ovulation. Site of _fertilization__. When sperm and egg cell fuse, a _
diploid____ _zygote___ is created with _46
__ chromosomes. Development of the zygote to an _embryo____ → _fetus____ → _
baby__ is carried out through _mitosis
Slide22Slide23Female reproductive system
Uterus
– Site of _
embryo development. Implantation takes place approximately 5-7 days following fertilization.
If fertilization does not occur, lining of uterus is sloughed off during _menstruation____.
Vagina
– Also known as “_birth canal”; passageway for _
sperm_ in and _baby_ out
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