Nutrition includes all the body the processes related to food. - PowerPoint Presentation

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Nutrition includes all the body the processes related to food.DigestionAbsorptionMetabolismCirculationEliminationNutritional Status refers to the state or condition of one’s nutrition

Fundamentals of Nutrition

Nutrition plays a large role in determining person’s:HeightWeightStrengthSkeletal and Muscular DevelopmentPhysical AgilityResistance to diseaseAppetite, posture, complexion, mental ability

Emotional and Psychological health

Fundamentals of Nutrition

As beneficial are the effects of good nutrition so to are the effects of bad poor nutrition:Hypertension – high blood pressureAtherosclerosis – narrowing of arteriesOsteoporosis – tiny openings in bones – brittle bonesMalnutrition – state of poor nutrition – disease, fatigue, depression, poor posture, over/under weight, poor complexion, lifeless hair, irritabilityPoor Nutrition

Nutrients are composed of chemicals found in food – they are used by the body to perform all the body functionsSix Essential NutrientsCarbohydrates – provide heat and energyLipids – growth & development, heat, energy, insulation, protectionProtein – Build and repair of body tissueMinerals – regulate body functions and body repair

Water – Carries nutrients and wastes throughout body, regulates body functions

Essential Nutrients

Major source of readily available energy in the bodyCommonly called starches or sugarsConsidered cheaper source of energy because produced by plantsEasily DigestedSources – Breads, cereals, noodles/pastas, crackers, potatoes, corn, peas, beans, grain, fruits, sugar and syrupsCarbohydrates

Commonly called Fats and OilsMost common found in human body are called triglyceride, phospholipids and cholesterolMost concentrated form of energy in the bodyMaintain Body Temperature – InsulationCushion Organs and bonesTwo Classifications of Fats – Saturated & PolyunsaturatedSaturated Fats – solid at room temperature

Polyunsaturated Fats - Soft or oily at room

termperature

Lipids

Cholesterol is a lipid (fat) found in the body ad animal productsCommon sources of cholesterol: egg yolks, fatty meats, shell fish, butter, creams, cheese and whole milkTransported in the body by lipoproteins – HDL & LDLHDL – good cholesterol carries it back to liver for re-use, prevents buildup in arteriesLDL – bad cholesterol – plaque buildup in arteries (atherosclerosis)Cholesterol

Proteins are the basic components of all body cells Essential for building and repair of bodyRegulates body functions by providing heat and energyMade up of 22 Building Blocks – Amino Acids9 Essential Amino Acids – complete – essential to life, found in fish, meats , milk eggs and cheese13 Non Essential – incomplete – usually vegetable foods: cereals, soybeans, dry beans, peas, corn and nutsProteins

Vitamins are compounds that are essential to life.Important for metabolism, tissue building and regulation of body processesThey make things happen in body – they do not provide nutrients or energyTwo types – Water soluble (B complex, C, etc.) – Fat soluble (A,D,E,K)Minerals – Inorganic (non-living) elements Regulate body fluids, assist in body functions, aid in building of body tissue DO NOT PROVIDE ENERGY OR NUTRIENTSVitamins & Minerals

Digestion is the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically and moves it through the system. Two Parts – Mechanical & ChemicalMechanical – food is broken down by teeth and moved through body by peristalsis – wave like motion cause by smooth musclesChemical – Food mixed with digestive juices secreted in the mouth, stomach, small intestine and pancreasesJuices contain enzymes that break down food so it can absorbed into blood streamDigestion

Absorption – process where blood or capillaries pick up digested nutrients.Nutrients are than carried throughout body by the bloodMost absorption occurs in the small intestineWater, Salts and some vitamins are absorbed in Large IntestineMetabolism – Process by which nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, provide energy and regulation body functionsDuring this process nutrients are combined with Oxygen and energy and heat are producedAbsorption & Metabolism

Energy is needed for all work in body both voluntary (skeletal muscles) and Involuntary (breathing, digestions, etc.)The rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue without doing any voluntary work is called BASAL MATABOLIC RATE -BMREnergy

Food vary in the amount of energy they contain.For example a candy bar contains more energy than an appleWhen the body metabolizes nutrients to create energy heat is released.The amount of heat released is the way energy content of food is measuredThe heat is measured in a unit called Kilocalorie or just calorie The number of calories in food is called its caloric valueCarbohydrates and Proteins have 4 calories/gramFat has 9 calories/gramVitamins, Minerals, Water = 0 calories

Measuring Food

An person’s caloric requirement is the number of calories needed by the body in a 24 hour period.Caloric requirements vary from person to personPhysical activity, gain/loose weight, age, sex, size of person, climate, physical conditionGeneral Guideline – 1 Pound = 3,500 caloriesGeneral Guideline – Maintain weight – 15 calories/pound/day120 lb. person: 15 x 120 = 1800 calories/dayDecrease 500 calories/day is 3500 calories/week = 1 lb.Recommended safe and efficient to loose 1 – 2 lbs./weekMeasuring Food

Good Health is everyone’s goal and good nutrition is the best way to achieve good healthThis is accomplished by eating a balanced diet in the correct amounts.Choosing foods from the five major food groups within recommended servings per day is best way to maintain good nutritionFoods should be from the FOOD GUIDE PYRAMIDMaintaining Good Nutrition

Food Guide Pyramid

Regular Diet – is balanced and is generally for the ambulatory patientCalories may be reduced, rich foods: deserts, creamed sauces, salad dressing fried food should be omitted.Liquid Diets – Include clear and full liquidsClear Liquid Diet – Carbohydrates & water (apple juice, grapefruit juice, fat free broths, plain gelatin, fruit ice, ginger ale, tea & black coffeeFull Liquid Diet – all clear liquids plus, strained soups, cereals, fruit and vegetable juices, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding & sherbetNutritionally inadequate and should be used for a short timeUsed after surgery, patients with acute infections, vomiting or diarrheaDiets

Soft Diet – similar to regular diet except foods require little to no chewingDiabetic Diet – Patients with Diabetes (body does not produce enough hormone insulin to breakdown carbohydrates) – limit/eliminate carbohydrates in dietSugar heavy foods need to be avoided – candy, soft drinks, deserts, cookies syrup, honey, gum, jams/jelliesCaloric Controlled Diets – include both low and high calorie dietsPatients to loose or gain weightLow Cholesterol Diets – restrict food high in fats/cholesterolRestrict saturated fats, beef, liver, pork, shellfish, egg yolk, creams, cheese, whole milk, coconut and palm oils

Cardiovascular patients, heart disease, atherosclerosis

Diets

Low Fat Diets – foods to be avoided: cream, whole milk, cheese, fatty meats, rich deserts, chocolate, nuts, fried food.Obese patients and patients with gall bladder diseaseSodium Restricted Diets – Low Salt, do not add salt to foods, limit smoked foods, processed foods, pickles and olivesPatients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease, fluid retentionProtein Diets – Include low and high proteinFoods : meat, fish, mild, eggs, cheesePatients with Kidney disease, renal failure, growth concernsDiets

Bland Diet – easily digested foods not to upset digestive systemFoods to be avoided: coarse foods, fried food, highly seasoned, pastries, candy, raw fruits & vegetables, alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee and teaPatients with ulcers, colitis, and other digestive diseaseLow Residue – Eliminates or limits food that are high in bulk & fiber.Limit raw fruits & vegetables, whole grain breads, cereals, nuts, seeds & beansPatients with digestive disease, rectal disease and diarrheaDiets