SPRING 2019 Biomolecular Principles Nucleic Acids and Proteins part 2 Lecturer Jasmin Sutkovic 18 32019 Lecture 2b Content DNA System biology Water The medium of Life Biochemical Energetics ID: 936024
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BIO307- Bioengineering principles SPRING 2019
Biomolecular Principles: Nucleic Acids and Proteins- part 2
Lecturer:
Jasmin Sutkovic 18.3.2019
Lecture
2b
Slide2Content DNA
System biologyWater: The medium of LifeBiochemical Energetics Macromolecules: Polymers of Biological importanceLipids
Slide3Human HealthDNA is intimately involved in human health. Many diseases result from
failures at the DNA level. These failures can arise from defects in genes themselves (causing genetic diseases) or in the regulatory regions of genes (causing cancer).
Some diseases are the result of a defect in a single gene. Although many of these diseases are rare, some—such as cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy—are relatively common.
Polygenic diseases-Type II diabetes and heart disease
Slide4Slide5System biologyUsing computer models, Biomedical
engineers try to predict the consequence of genetic mutations on cell function- System biologyThe arising of Human
Genome Project and its effort to sequence all genomes of the human genome makes this possible.
Slide6What it does ?It is collaborative
, integrating many scientific disciplines – biology, computer science, engineering, bioinformatics, physics and others – to predict how these systems change over time and under varying conditions, and to develop solutions to the world’s most pressing health and environmental issues.
Slide7Slide8Slide9Genetics and inheritanceHeredity?
Transmission of traits from one generation to subsequent generationsChromosomes ? In a karyotype
obtained from a typical human cell, there are 46 chromosomes arranged into 23 pairs
Slide10Slide11Slide12Self study –revision of studied theoryGenetics..
DNA structureCell division Central dogmaPage 88--110
Slide13DNA fingerprinting Because the DNA sequence is so uniquely paired with an individual, it
can be used to match an individual to an unknown sample. This technique has become a staple of law enforcement, earning the popular name “DNA fingerprinting” because it is analogous to
the long-used practice of linking people to a crime scene by matching the fingerprints they leave
Slide14Slide15How is gene expression controlled?All human cells (except red blood cells) contain the same DNA material but only some gene are expressed in some tissues?
How ?Basically the whole process from DNA to protein can be altered …http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/gene-regulation.php#euk – explanations of some mechanisms..
Slide16How to block gene expression ?There are several methods for blocking gene expression. In one
approach, antisense oligonucleotides can bind to complementary base pairs in DNA or RNA to block transcription or translation, respectively!
Slide17RNA interferenceRNA interference (
RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK-OGB1_ELE
Slide18siRNA and micro RNA for gene expression control siRNA
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YsTW5i0Xro Micro RNA-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5jroSCBBwk
Slide19Recombinant DNA technologyRecombinant DNA technology refers to a set of
techniques that enables scientists to transfer genetic information from one organism to another. It is one of the major technological achievements of the past 100 years.
Slide20Slide21Slide22Molecular cloningIn molecular biology, cloning usually refers to genes. Therefore,
to clone a gene means to make many identical copies of a particular length of DNA.When a gene is cloned, it is also sometimes said that the gene is amplified. Cells and organisms can be cloned as well.
Slide23Protein structureBecause the sequence of amino acids within each polypeptide chain
is the most important determinant of the three-dimensional structure of the protein molecule, the linear structure (i.e., the amino acid sequence) of a protein is oftensaid to determine its function.
Slide24PDBAn Information Portal to 149886
Biological Macromolecular Structures
Slide25Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure
The end of the chain that has a free amino group is called the amino terminus and the end
with the carboxyl group is called the carboxyl terminus.
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