WHAT IS MENTAL COMPETENCY In law it means having a basic knowledge of the court proceedings A bility of a person to be rational to express themselves and fitness to be able to give testimony in court ID: 934639
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Slide1
ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL COMPETENCY
Slide2WHAT IS MENTAL COMPETENCY ?
In
law, it means having a basic knowledge of the court proceedings
.
A
bility
of a person to be rational, to express themselves and fitness to be able to give testimony in court
or understand the trial proceedings.
A
defendant should understand who the courtroom players are, meaning the judge, prosecutor, and the jury.
He
should understand what he is being charged with and what the possible consequences can be.
Slide3Mental Competency Evaluation
Every courtroom has the authority to order a psychological
evaluation
for the defendant.
It
is typically the defendant's attorney who initially declares the client as
incompetent. and judge
will use the evaluation results to make his decision.
The
evaluations are conducted by a forensic psychologist or psychiatrist.
The evaluation is composed of a battery of tests and interviews to determine competency.
Detailed
report
includes
important information like the type of disability/mental illness and its description and the psychiatrist opinion.
Slide4TESTS USED IN ASSESSMENT
Slide5Intelligent Tests
Measures person’s ability to use verbal and non verbal concepts to understand the world around him and use this information to achieve his goals.
These tests are of great value to the forensic scientist to find out if
The crime that
was
committed by the person concerned was done at all with competence.
Could he have planned it intelligently and systematically etc.
IQ provides the information that the accused might have planned a felony because of his high level intelligence.
E.g
of IQ tests : Wechsler IQ scales, Stanford
Binet
Test, Raven’s
coloured
Progressive matrices, pencil- paper tests.
Slide6Alfred
Binet
and Theodore Simon
In
1904, a
French psychologist
Alfred
Binet
and Theodore
Simon
were commissioned by the French
government
to identify slow learners in class to benefit from remedial help.
They
developed
the intelligence
test that was designed to predict academic success.
The
test provided a known
as intelligence
quotient, or IQ.
The
IQ is calculated
by , IQ
= MA/CA X 100
A
child who passed all items on the test of 8 year old gets a mental age of 8 where as the actual
age of
the child may be
6years.
Slide7Achievement Aptitude Tests
Typically used for educational and employment requirements.
Measures the knowledge of a person about a certain topics such as spellings, mathematics etc.
Not used as a routine on accused.
E.g. Differential Aptitude test, Need for Achievement Test
Slide8Personality tests
Measure a person’s way of dealing with different aspects and experiences of his or her life.
Measure Personality traits such as extraversion, introversion, neuroticism etc.
Provides information about the defenses that a person uses in dealing with life’s problem.
Eg
. MMPI Test
Slide9MMPI TEST
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,
tests
are used to help diagnose mental health
disorders.
MMPI-2
consists of 567 true-false questions and takes approximately 60 to 90 minutes to complete, while the MMPI-2-RF has 338 true-false questions, taking 35 to 50 minutes to finish
.
The
MMPI should only be administered by a trained test
administrator.
After
the computer scores the test results, the psychologist writes up a report interpreting the test results in the context of the person’s history and current psychological concerns
.
Slide10MMPI
MMPI evaluations are sometimes used in child custody disputes, substance abuse programs, educational settings, and even employment screenings.
The test items on the MMPI are designed to find out where you are on ten different mental health scales. Each scale relates to a different psychological pattern or condition.
The
MMPI-2 is designed with 10 clinical scales which assess 10 major categories of abnormal human
behavior
, and four validity scales, which assess the person’s general test-taking attitude and whether they answered the items on the test in a truthful and accurate manner.
Slide11The 10 Clinical Subscales of the
MMPI-2
Slide12Slide13Validity scales (MMPI 2)
Slide1410 SCALES IN MMPI TESTS
Slide15VALIDITY SCALES
Slide16Projective Personality Tests
Psychoanalytic
personality theorists have developed several assessment measures known as projective tests
.
They
include a variety of methods in which ambiguous stimuli, such as pictures of people, or things
are presented
to a person who is asked to describe what he or she sees.
The
theory here is that people `
project'their
own personality, their needs, their wishes, their desires and their unconscious fears
and
things such as ink blots, pictures, sometimes vague and sometimes
structure.
E.g
.Rorschach
Ink Blot Test, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), House Tree Person(HTP) and the Rotter's Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB).
Slide17The Rorschach test
Also known as Rorschach inkblot test.
Projective test, consist of 10 ambiguous pictures of which 5 are colored and 5 are B/W.
There is no specific meaning for inkblots. Examinees can say whatever they perceive from pictures.
Responses are noted down verbatim, and areas which produced the response are marked in sheet.
Responses are then scored as per instructions given in manual and interpretations are carried out.
Slide18Slide19THEMATIC APPERCEPTION Test (tat)
D
eveloped
by American psychologists Henry A. Murray and Christina D. Morgan at Harvard University in the 1930s
.
Involves showing
people a series of picture cards depicting a variety of ambiguous characters (that may include men, women, and/or children), scenes, and situations.
They are then asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for each picture presented, including:
what has led up to the event shown
what is happening in the scene
the thoughts and feelings of characters
the outcome of the story
Slide20Unravel the intra psychic conflicts and helps in understanding the need of the individual, gratification and the obstacles in gratifying.,
The
complete version
includes
31 cards. Murray originally recommended using approximately 20
cards.
Today, many practitioners only utilize between 5 and 12 cards, often selected because the examiner feels that the scene matches the client's needs and situation.
The TAT is often criticized for not being standardized, meaning there are no rules of administration or formal scoring system. Clinicians often vary in how they administer the test.
Even if
clinicians use the same scoring system, they may use different cards or a different number of cards. This makes it incredibly difficult to obtain estimates of
reliability and
validity
and almost impossible to compare results.
Slide21House, tree, person test (HTP)
Designed
by John
Buck
and was originally based on the Goodenough scale of intellectual functioning.
In the HTP, the test taker is asked to draw houses, trees, and persons, and these drawings provide a measure of self-perceptions and attitudes.
It has flexible and subjective administration and interpretation.
Once the subject is done, he is asked to describe the pictures that he has done. The assumption is that when the subject is drawing he is projecting his inner world onto the page.
A
350-page manual was written by Buck to instruct the test-giver on proper grading of the HTP, which is more subjective than quantitative
Test
is administered as part of a series of personality and intelligence tests, like
the
Rorsasch
, TAT
, Bender and Wechsler tests. The
examiner integrates the results of these tests, creating a basis for evaluating the subject's personality from a
cognitive, emotional , intra-
and
interpersonal
Slide22Takes
approximately 150 minutes to complete based on the subject's level of mental functioning.
During
the first phase, the test-taker is asked to draw the house, tree, and person and the test-giver asks questions about each picture. There are 60 questions originally designed by Buck but art therapists and trained test givers can also design their own questions, or ask follow up questions
.
This
phase is done with a
crayon.
During
the second phase of HTP, the test-taker draws the same pictures with a pencil or pen
.
Again
the test-giver asks similar questions about the drawings.
Note
: some mental health professionals only administer phase one or two and may change the writing instrument as desired. Variations of the test may ask the person to draw one person of each sex, or put all drawings on the same
page.
Slide23Examples of follow up questions:
After the House: Who lives here? Is the occupant happy? What goes on inside the house? What's it like at night? Do people visit the house? What else do the people in the house want to add to the drawing?
After the Tree: What kind of tree is this? How old is the tree? What season is it? Has anyone tried to cut it down? What else grows nearby? Who waters this tree? Trees need sunshine to live so does it get enough
sunshine?
After the Person is drawn: who is the person? How old is the person? What do they like and dislike doing? Has anyone tried to hurt them? Who looks out for
them?
Slide24The House-Tree-Person Test Interpretation
The
house-tree-person test is based on the idea that drawings reflect feelings. The details of a drawing are seen as representations of various personality traits.
Drawing
a
house :
The
house is considered being the expression of the respondent's family relations and family values.
The roof stands for the intellectual side and spiritual life of the individual.
The walls might be related to the test taker’s character strength.
The
doors and windows represent the individual’s relationship to the outside world and the level of social integration
.
Slide25Drawing a tree:
The tree is thought to suggest the deepest, unconscious aspects of the personality
.
The
trunk is often seen as a representation of inner strength.
The tree crown stands for ideas, thoughts, and self-concept.
Drawing a
person :
The person is a symbolic representation of the ideal self and one’s social interactions
.
The head symbolizes intelligence, communication, and imagination.
The eyes indicate the perception of the world.
The hands give information about affectivity and aggressiveness.
Slide26other aspects of drawings
Dimensions of objects
: indicate
the level of self-esteem and confidence. A very small house, for example, might show the individual’s dissatisfaction with life at home.
Level of
detail : The level of detail is another revealing
factor in outlining the respondent’s personality through drawing. A very detailed face might indicate a need to present oneself in a
favorable
social
light.
On the contrary, pictures lacking details often indicate depression.
The
branches may show the degree of social connectedness. A tree with no branches indicates, for instance, that the person has little contact with others
.
Slide27Location of objects :
The
location of objects on the page is also charged with significance. Drawings close to the top of the page are considered being related to dreams and imagination, while the ones at the bottom are connected to the physical world. Drawing on the right side of the page is linked to the future, in the
center
are related to the present, and left to the past.
Strokes
and lines :
The
pressure, firmness, and solidity of strokes and lines
indicate
determination and decision-making facilities. The same line drawn twice shows insecurity, dissatisfaction, or perfectionism. Emotional strength, high self-esteem and confidence, on the contrary, are reflected in the firmness of the lines.
Test taker’s
attitude :
In
addition to all of the above elements, therapists also consider the test taker’s attitude, words, and gestures while drawing. Any display of frustration, anger, or satisfaction is taken into account in test analysis.
Slide28The House-Tree-Person Test Scoring
Can
be scored either in an objective quantitative or subjective qualitative manner. Trained therapists rely on John Buck’s comprehensive 350-page manual and interpretive guide in administering and scoring the HTP tests.
Quantitative scoring provides a general assessment of intelligence. Research shows that the quantitative assessment correlates highly with other well-established intelligence tests.
Slide29REFERENCES
https://
www.healthline.com/health/mmpi-test#takeaway
https://
www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-minnesota-multiphasic-personality-inventory-2795582#10-clinical-scales
https://
psychcentral.com/lib/minnesota-multiphasic-personality-inventory-mmpi#MMPI-2-RF
https://
zeepedia.com/read.php?assessment_of_personality_advantages_of_mmpi-2_intelligence_tests_abnormal_psychology&b=83&c=18
https://www.utpsyc.org/tatintro
/
https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/House-Tree-Person_test