lab (4 ) Immunity and - PowerPoint Presentation

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lab (4 )

Immunity

and

inflammation

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the capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering to the body

Immunity

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Inflammation

is the immune response of tissue injury type of tissue injury BurnChemical irritation Toxin

Infection of pathogens(

e.g

viral. Bacterial )

Physical injury and troumaImmune reaction (hyper sensitivity)Foreign body

INFELAMMATION

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Type of inflammation

Acute inflammation chronic inflammationInflammation

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Is initiated by WBC already present in all tissue (macrophage ,

dendritic cell and mast cell) this cell undergo activation and release inflammatory mediator (chemotaxis e.g cytokine,) responsible for clinical signs of inflammation and cell activation phathophysiology

Acute inflammation

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clinical signs of inflammation

(Rubor ): redness (calor) heat

:

caused by vasodilatation and increase blood flow

Edema;

caused by increase the permeability of blood vessels results the in exudation of plasma protein and fluid in to the tissue .Pain (dolor) due to stimulation of pin receptors*Acute inflammation it take Short duration ; minutes hours ,few days

Acute

infelammation

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Infected ingrown toenail showing the characteristic

redness and swelling associated with acute inflammation

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Resolution

complete healing fibrosis and scarringabscess formation: cavity containing buss(liquid containing dead WBC and bacteria with debris from destroyed cellschronic inflammation.

Acute

infelammation

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Acute inflammation

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Chronic inflammation

Longer duration than acute phasepresence of Lymphocytes and macrophageProliferation of blood vessels, fibrosis and presence of necrosisChronic inflammation

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In Chronic inflammation ,the inflammatory response is out of proportion to the threat, or it is directed against inappropriate target

Result; allergies and auto immune diseaseChronic inflammation

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Allergies

Autoimmune Diseases Immune Complex Diseases Immunodeficiency Diseases Cancers of the Immune System Disorders of the immune system

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primary immune deficiency disease

are those caused by inherited genetic mutationsSecondary or acquired immune deficiencies are caused by something outside the body such as a virus or immune suppressing drugs.

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The illness interferes with the immune system making people with AIDS much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic ,tumors, and skin rashTransmitted by fluid exchange :blood ,semen , and vaginal fluid

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like

low grad Fevers, swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight lossAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a tumor caused by human herpes virus

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Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune complication of streptococcal infections. Rheumatic fever is expressed as arthritis ,or inflammation of the heart.

It cause fever Heart (cardiac) problems, shortness of breath and chest painJoint pain and swelling, arthritis(mainly in the knees, elbows, ankles, and wrists)Skin nodules , and skin rash

 

Rheumatic fever

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Rheumatic fever

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Skin nodules

Skin rash

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Glomerulonephritis

,: is a renal disease (usually of both kidneys) characterized by inflammation of the of glomeruli(AB against glomeruli basement membrane.It may present with isolated hematuria and/or

proteinuria

or as a nephritic syndrome, renal failure, or chronic renal failure.

Glomerulonephritis

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Normal

glomeruli

Glomerulonephritis

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Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability . This autoimmune response produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving messages (neurotransmitters -acetylcholine receptor -)from the nerve cell.

Myasthenia gravis

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Myasthenia gravis

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Lupus

erythematosus autoimmune disease Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungsLupus

erythematosus

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SLE butterfly rash

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31 years old male came to emergency clinic suffering of sever diarrhea,

coughing and chills.He has history of blood transfusion 2 years ago Physical examination show:Low grade feverLeft hand skin rashLymph nodes swollenblood analysis

confirmd

presence of HIV AB +

CASE STUDY

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1)

What is the probably diagnosis?Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Questions:

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2) What is the

etology of AIDS?a. Human pabiloma viral infectionb. Hiv

viral infection

c

.

Cryptococcal meningitis

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3)

Any of the immune system cells may be infected with HIV virus?a)CD8 T toxic lymphocyteB) lymphocytec) CD4 T helper lymphocyte

Questions

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4) How the HIV virus

transmeted?Transmitted by fluid exchange :blood ,semen , vaginal fluid …ets

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Thank you