How does drug use affect the unborn child foetus during pregnancy A foetus is very sensitive to drugs and cannot eliminate drugs as effectively as adults The chemicals can build up to extremely high levels in the ID: 934815
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Slide1
How does drug use affect the unborn child & pregnant mothers during pregnancy
Slide2How does drug use affect the unborn child (
foetus )during pregnancy
A
foetus
is very sensitive to drugs and cannot eliminate drugs as effectively as adults.The chemicals can build up to extremely high levels in the foetal system and can cause permanent damage.
Slide3Slide4What are the risks of drug use during pregnancy
Risks depend on :
Type of drug
Trimester of the pregnancy Frequency of drug use Ingested dose of the drug
Slide5DRUGS TRANSFERATION DEPEND ON SEVERAL FACTORS
CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF THE DRUG
MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
PROTEIN BINDING CAPABILITIES.
CHEMICAL CONFIGURATION.
LIPID SOLUBILITY.
PERIOD OF TIME DRUG REMAINS IN MATERNAL BLOODSTREAM
HALFLIFE OF THE DRUG.
Slide6Certain types of drugs cause abnormalitiesin pregnant mothers
ParacetamolInsulin
Iron
Folic acid
Slide7Drugs cause following harmful effects to the unborn child
MiscarriagesStillbirthSmall in size
Low birth weight
Premature birth
Birth defectsSudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) Mental retardation, learning disabilities of the child
Slide8Paracetamol Overdose in Pregnancy
There is evidence that the foetal liver begins to broken down
paracetamol
from 18 weeks gestation on wards, therefore the
foetus may also be at risk for liver toxicity following maternal paracetamol overdose.
Slide9Insulin in pregnancy
Insulin is safe to use under normal therapeutic conditions in pregnancy and does not cross the placenta.
Slide10Iron Overdose in Pregnancy
Iron overdose can be fatal in large doses. Iron requirements increase during pregnancy and the use of iron supplements is common, particularly in the second and third trimesters.
Slide11Folic acid in Pregnancy
Folic acid is necessary for the normal production of blood cells and genetic material.
Current data does not suggest an increase in adverse pregnancy outcome following use of high dose folic acid
Slide12Cholesterol lowering drugs in pregnancy
Current guidelines recommend that women wishing to become pregnant stop use of above drugs three months prior to attempting to conceive.
Or as soon as pregnancy is confirmed, due to the theoretical risk of
foetal
abnormality because foetus wants cholesterol to develop organs.
Slide13Other Agents affecting the foetus in pregnancy
Cigarette smokingAlcohol
Narcotics
-
Heroin, Cocaine, Marjuana ,Hashis
Slide14Slide15Cigarette smoking
Carbon monoxide and nicotine cause low oxygen levels in blood and high blood pressure, premature
labour
, and stillbirth(born dead).
Slide16Slide17Alcohol
Increases risk of spontaneous abortions.With regular drinking, decrease the birth weight by about 1 to 1.3KgFoetal
growth restriction, facial and cardiovascular defects, nerve dysfunction.
Alcohol easily passes into breast milk and develop problems with mental development.
Slide18Slide19Narcotics-Heroin, cocaine etc.
Miscarriage and foetal death
This can be transmitted to the baby through breast milk.
Increase risk for early delivery.Deliver a stillborn baby or a baby with growth problems.
Slide20Special care
A drug overdose shortly before or during pregnancy seems to be associated with a substantially increased risk of miscarriage.
Slide21Childhood poisoning
Slide22Most common agents involve in childhood poisoning
Household products, (bleachers, disinfectants, detergents, toilet cleaners, mosquito coils)
Cosmetics and other personal care products
Kerosene and automobile fluids (break fluids, gasoline, anti-freezer, coolant)
Poisonous plants (Endaru, olinda seeds, ornamental plants as habarala)Foreign objects (batteries and toys)Paint, thinner and utilities of drawing arts
Pharmaceuticals
Slide23Some rules to follow when using repellents
Never use repellents on wounds or irritated skin.If using creams, apply it only to exposed skin.
Do not inhale or ingest repellents or do not get them into the eye.
Avoid
spraying repellents that children gathering areas.Do not use mosquito repellents in closed rooms at night.Do not use mosquito repellants if persons can’t tolerate the smell or when starting cough.If a suspected reaction occur, wash treated skin and seek medical advice.
Slide24Slide25First aid for poisoning
Skin exposure
Remove contaminated clothes carefully.
Wash the skin with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not use any local application without seeking medical advice. Eye exposureWash eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not use any eye drops without seeking medical advice.
If there is visual impairment seek medical advice from an eye specialist.
Slide26First aid Cont
,
InhalationRemove the patient away from the source and encourage deep breathing of fresh air. IngestionDo not induce vomiting because some pesticides have corrosive effects and some may contain hydrocarbons as solvents. (kerosene oil)
If patient is semiconscious or unconscious keep the patient in Neck extended position.
Do not give salt water, coconut milk and other home remedies to induce vomiting.
Slide27To reduce the risk of
poisoning involving medicines: Keep all medications out of the reach of children.
Store all medicines in their original containers.
Never take medicine in front of a child. Read all instructions before administering medication to a child.
Dispose of all unneeded or outdated medicines.
Slide28To reduce the risk for
accidental poisoning
Store all products in their original containers, out of the reach of children.
Do not store or use household products in food containers.
Never mix cleaning agents or chemical bottles together with drugs.Make sure the area is well-ventilated when using chemicals.Do not spray chemicals (including pesticides) when children are in the area.Teach children never to smell or taste a container to identify what is inside.
Slide29Risk of Accidental Poisoning
Slide30Harmful effects of lead poisoning
Mental retardationGrowth retardationLearning difficultiesLoss of hearing
Slide31Slide32Don’t apply lead paint in your home.
Follow safe handling recommendations for all foods.Remove the toxic plants in your home or garden.Discuss with children about the dangers of using illegal drugs which selling in streets.
eg
: Barbul,Beeda
To
reduce the risk for other types of poisoning in children
:
Slide33THE END