Applying Genetics Name some Dog breeds Terms Selective breeding Domestication Hybridization Inbreeding Purebreds increased recessive traits Is selective breeding a form of genetic engineering ID: 932742
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Slide1
DNA Biotechnology
Chapter 13
Slide2Applying Genetics
Name some Dog breeds…
Slide3Terms:Selective breedingDomesticationHybridization
InbreedingPurebreds increased recessive traits
Is selective breeding a form of genetic engineering?
Slide4Slide5Products of Genetic EngineeringTransgenic organisms (a.k.a. GMOs)
Gene therapySTEM Cells tissues/organs
Clones
DNA Fingerprinting – 100% reliable identification
Protein/Hormone Synthesis = Medicine
Slide6How do DNA Technologies help us?
Slide7DNA Tools Recombinant DNA
PCR – Polymerase Chain ReactionGel Electrophoresis
DNA Sequencing
Slide8Recombinant DNA
Restriction Enzymes – genetic scissorsPlasmids – double-stranded circular prokaryotic DNA
Example:
Golden Rice – Vitamin A enriched
Slide9Steps to recombining
Bacterial DNA
Isolate
gene
(from organism with desired trait)
Prepare plasmid (from bacteria)
Open plasmid with restriction enzymes
Insert
gene into plasmidTRANSFORMATION – cell uptakes exogenous DNA
WHY?
Transformed bacterial cell used to…
1: Produce gene product
: Hormone/protein
2: Gene Cloning -
Clone gene by reproduction of bacteria
Slide10Now you
Explain the Process…
Slide11What are 2 possible methods of gene insertion to create a transgenic organism?
GENE INSERTION into Eukaryotes… HOW?
Slide12Creating GMOs or Transgenic Organisms
Insert
Gene
into target organism (transgenic
)
Animals
- Microinjection
- Viral VectorsPlants - Agrobacterium-mediated recombination
-
biolistics
– “
gene-gun
”
Slide13GMOs – transgenic organisms
Opinions?
FOOD Inc. Interview
Slide14Slide15Slide16EYES OF NYE: GMOs
Biology
Name ______________ Video
: Bill Nye Date ________ Per
___
Genetically Modified Foods: Benefits and Risks
1
. In the United States, grocery shelves are filled with _____________________ ____________________ foods.
An example would be ______________________.
2. Can you take a gene from a fish and put it into a tomato? ______________3. If genes provide instructions to build a living thing, what happens if you change one of the genes? 4. True or false: Most if the food you eat CANNOT be found in nature. __________
5. What was the difference between the two papayas
?
6. What does transgenic mean
?
7. “Agro-chemical companies created Golden Rice, a genetically modified species of rice, to help fight
________________________________ on developing countries
.”
8. BT corn crops take proteins from ______________ to help fight certain insects
.
9. When are you eating genetically modified foods? What are some examples of genetically modified foods used in many products which you commonly eat every day?
a
.
b
.
c.
10. What are the three things Nye suggests for the human race:
a
. Lets farm __________________________
b
. Lets require ______________________________________________
c
. And lets carefully _____________ these foods case by case
.
11. Do you think genetically modified foods have more risks or benefits and are comfortable eating genetically modified foods (like fish genes in tomatoes or bacteria proteins in corn)?
Summary
:
Slide17Genetic Engineering Extension Paper
Genetic Engineering Extension AssignmentUsing the internet, magazines or books, research one impressive application of genetic engineering from the last 10 years (
2006-2016).
Try not to just pick the weird ones but one that has had positive impacts on the world. *HINT: Try searching “recent examples of genetic engineering.”
After
selecting your example of GE applications, complete the following tasks:
1
. On the first line of your paper write the name of the organism that was being studied or worked with.
(Species: _____________)
2. On the second line write the name of the main genetic engineering technique that was used. (GE Technique: _______________)3. Write a paragraph (~150 words/4-5 sentences) describing the details of the work and what you learned.
4
.
Write the source(s) of your information
. There must be enough information in your citation for anyone to be able to find the source again.
5
. Tell your parents or some other adult what you researched and why it is impressive to you. Ask them what their opinion is of genetic engineering.
Summarize their response into 2-3 sentences.
Slide18Genetic Engineering Extension Paper
Speed Dating! Purpose:
to
share what we learned with
our
classmates.
FOLLOW-UP
Slide19PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction
Taq
Polymerase
Slide20Slide21Slide22How was Taq polymerase different than DNA polymerase in human cells?
Slide23DNA Finger Printing
Forensics - Criminology
Paternity Testing
Genealogy –
What are you?
Slide24DNA Fingerprinting = Comparing DNA
Method/Tool =
Gel Electrophoresis
Slide25GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Slide26DNA Fingerprinting 3 techniques…
What Technique?
What Technique?
What Technique?
Slide27Paternity Testing… most common use.
*The more loci/sites compared, the stronger the data for or against.
$$$
Slide28DNA Sequencing
Frank Sanger
“Whole Shotgun” approach
Slide29DNA Sequencing - Genomics
Current List (not complete)… 11 animals sequenced in 2015!
Slide30SMARTStarter / ReviewWhat is the difference between the shotgun approach and a “gene-gun”?
Slide31Gene Therapy
Slide32Why do STEM cells get so much attention?Write what you’ve heard about Stem Cells
Slide33How do cells Specialize?
Differentiation occurs early in the embryonic development.
Slide34Slide35Slide36Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning
Slide37Ethics. Watch Gattaca.
Scientific America: Are we getting too close?
Slide38Slide39SmartSTARTER
Name some Dog breeds…
Slide40Biotech QuizUse this to prepare: Quizlet13.2 terms (11) Quizlet
Slide41Practice Quiz.
Slide424.
5.
6
.
Slide437
.
8.
9.
10.
Slide44CHECK YOUR ANSWERS
Slide45Slide46Slide47MOVIES FOR SCIENCEGattacca and Science – Article
Movies that teach science
Gattaca
Food
Inc
The Island
Jurassic Park/World
Extraordinary Measures
Slide48Ethics. Watch Gattaca.
Scientific America: Are we getting too close?