Background Began 1789 Create new political and social order Causes Immediate Economic Longrange Inequality in society Three Estates classesorders of society Long Range Cause ID: 933808
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Slide1
Ch 18 Section 1
The French Revolution Begins
Slide2Background
Began
1789
Create new political and social orderCauses:Immediate– EconomicLong-range– Inequality in societyThree Estates (classes/orders of society)
Slide3Long Range Cause
Three Estates
1st Estate- ClergyReligious leaders2nd Estate- NobilityLeaders in government, military, courts, and church offices3rd Estate- Commoners
Paid taxes the clergy and nobility did not have to pay
Bourgeoisie
(BURZH-WAH-ZEE)Middle ClassMerchants, bankers, professionals
Slide4Immediate
Cause
Financial Crisis1787-88Bad harvests (crops)Less manufacturingFood shortagesRising pricesUnemploymentKing
Louis XVI
and Queen
Marie AntoinetteHigh government spendingNew taxes
Slide5Representation
3
rd
Estate wanted more votes in government (Estates-General)Met at Versailles King refusedFormed the National AssemblyCreated a constitutionDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Slide6Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Inspired by U.S. Constitution and English Bill of Rights
Enlightenment Ideas
Freedom of Speech & PressEqual RightsPublic Office
No Tax Exemptions
Slide7What About Women?
Olympe
de Gouges
WriterWomen should have same rights as menDeclaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female CitizenNational Assembly ignored her
Slide8Impact of the Declaration
King was forced to accept the Declaration
Mobs of women and men attacked his castle
National Assembly seized and sold the lands of the Catholic ChurchClergy must be elected
“…detachments of women coming up from every direction, armed with broomsticks, lances, pitchforks, swords, pistols, and muskets.”
Slide9New Constitution
Constitution of 1791
Limited monarchy
Legislative Assembly makes lawsLeads to the downfall of King Louis XVI
Slide10Ch. 18 Sec. 2
Radical
Revolution and Reaction
Slide11The Move to Radicalism
Paris commoners became radicals
Revenge on people who helped king/resisted revolution
Poor Encouraged to use violence what they wantedLead by Georges Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, &
Maximilien
Robespierre
Slide12Fate of the King
The French Republic was formed
Abolished the monarchy & created a republic
Condemned King Louis XVI to deathExecuted on a guillotineOutraged all European Monarchs
Slide13Reign of Terror
1793-1794
Lead by
Maximilien RobespierreCommittee of Public Safety40,000 people killed16,000 under guillotineExecutions held in places that openly rebelledClosed churches
Slide14End of the Terror
By late 1790s, French defeated most enemies
Austrian Netherlands
Robespierre-Obsessed with powerRid France of corruptorsNational Convention- guillotined on July 28, 1794Reign of Terror ended Moderate rulers
Slide15The Directory
Committee of Public Safety lost power
Churches reopened
New constitution- Aug. 1795National Legislative AssemblyLegislative body (makes laws)Chosen by electors (voters)Must own or rent property worth a certain value
Slide16Bell Ringer #3
How did Napoleon Bonaparte impact France?
Slide17Ch 18
Sec
3
The Age of Napoleon
Slide18Directory Problems
Executive directors
Directory
(corrupt)Unable to find a solution to problems Coup
d’etat
- sudden overthrow of government
Led by Napoleon Bonaparte Ended Directory
Slide19The Rise
of
Napoleon Bonaparte
Dominated France and Europe from 1799-1815Child of the Revolution“I am the revolution”
Slide20Early Life-
From Military to Emperor
Commander
Speed, Deception, & SurpriseCoup d’etat (1799)Overthrew DirectoryNew GovernmentConsulate
Consul
for life
(1802) Absolute PowerCrowned himself Emperor (1804)
Slide21Domestic Policies
Peace with Catholic Church
Papal Agreement (1801)
France will be Catholic, BUT the French people keep church land seized in the revolution
Slide22More Domestic Policies
Codification (
organization)
of laws7 codes of LawCivil Code (Napoleonic Code) Revolutionary IdeasEquality
Slide23Even More Domestic Policies
Ability based bureaucracy (
system of government
)Merit (not birth right) based nobilityCivil or Military
Slide24Negative Domestic Policies
Eliminated freedom of press
Closed 60 of 73 newspapers
Manuscripts were approved before publishedMail opened by government police
Slide25Napoleon’s Empire
1802-
Short lasting peace treaty
1803- War broke out with BritainDefeated Austria, Prussia, Russia
Slide26Napoleon’s Empire
Con’t
1807-1812 master of Europe (3 parts)
French empire (inner core) Dependant states (kingdoms under rule of relatives)Allied states (defeated states forced to join Napoleon in defeating Britain) Spread Revolutionary ideas
Slide27European Response
Empire collapsed (2 reasons)
Survival of Great Britain (naval power)
Nationalism (unique cultural identity of people based on commonalities) LanguageReligionHated as oppressorsStirred patriotism of others
Slide28The Fall of Napoleon
June 1812- Invasion
of Russia (
600,000 French Soldiers)Russia refused to fightRetreated and burned their own citiesNapoleon started “Great Retreat”
40,000 soldiers
Other countries attacked France’s crippled army
Napoleon exiled to ElbaLouis XVIII takes power