Lauren Killingsworth laurenk2stanfordedu Fibroblasts Retinal Neurons Lets learn some basic eye anatomy Kolb WebVision 2014 Photoreceptors Sense light Rods and cones What Colors Did You See ID: 930675
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Slide1
From Fibroblasts to Retinal Neurons: Can Stem Cells Treat Blindness?
Lauren Killingsworth
laurenk2@stanford.edu
Slide2Fibroblasts? Retinal Neurons ?Let’s learn some basic eye anatomy!
Kolb.
WebVision
, 2014
Slide3Photoreceptors!
Sense light
Rods and cones
Slide4Slide5Slide6What Colors Did You See?
Any ideas why?
Slide7Photoreceptors!
Ganglion cells!
Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE!)
Kolb.
WebVision
, 2014
Slide8Retinal Pigment Epithelium!
Retinal Ganglion Cells!
Nourishing
Absorbs scattered light
Send visual info
Thecuriousneuron.com
Slide9Retinal Degenerative Diseases
AMD
Retinitis
PigmentosaChoroideremia
Slide10Visual Impairment
Currently no treatment for loss of photoreceptors and other retinal neurons
Affects of blindness on daily life
Assistive Technology, O & M training, and Guide Dogs
Slide11Personal Motivations for Research
Blog.winforever.com
Slide12The Question
How can we regenerate these cells to address the retinal degenerative diseases?
Discuss background research
Slide13Regeneration = Stem Cells!
Unspecialized
Pluripotent
Differentiable
Csa.com
Slide14Embryonic Stem Cells
Discarded blastocysts from IVF
Ethical concerns
Medical transplantation concerns, rejectionhttp://www.youtube.com/
watch?v
=qq5k1sWqLO0
Sarahwray.com
Slide15Adult Stem Cells
Not entirely specialized, exist in mature tissues
ie
retinal progenitorHematopoieticBone marrow
Neuron-producing stem cells in the brain
www.myelomaresource.org
Slide16Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Yamanaka’s groundbreaking discovery
www.nature.com
Slide17Stem Cell Differentiation
From
pluripotency
—> specialized cellCell culture processDifferentiation factorsDifferentiation protocolsGrowth factors
Small molecules
Medias
www.transglobal.sci.com
Slide18Generating Retinal Neurons
Fibroblasts from patients with AMD
Infect with differentiation factors
Grow with cell culture techniquesUse RT-PCR to determine genetic expression
Slide19Challenge: Improve Differentiation Protocol
“Assessment of the small molecule IWR-1
Wnt
-inhibitor in the differentiation of AMD-patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells.” (Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 2012)Improving efficacy
Lowering costs
Slide20Killingsworth,
Lamba
Lab
Slide21Killingsworth,
Lamba
Lab
Slide22Killingsworth,
Lamba
Lab
Slide23Killingsworth,
Lamba
Lab
Slide24Lineage Conversion!
Wernig
(Stanford)
Direct conversion from fibroblasts to retinal neurons, avoiding pluripotent stagesDecreases cancer risks
www.nature.com
Slide25Questions? Resources?
Email me with any questions! (about stem cells, Stanford, college, research, anything!)
laurenk2@stanford.edu