Digestive System The digestive system has two main functions: - PowerPoint Presentation

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Digestive System

The digestive system has two main functions:

to convert food into nutrients your body needs, and to rid the body of waste.

To do its job, the system requires the cooperation of a number of different organs throughout the body, including the mouth, stomach, intestines, liver and  gallbladder

Hey there!! Here are 10 Fun Facts +1!!

1. An adult esophagus ranges from 10 to 14 inches in length, and 1 inch in diameter.

2. We make 1 to 3 pints of saliva a day.

3. Muscles contract in waves to move the food down the

oesophagus

. This means that food would get to a person's stomach, even if they were standing on their head

4. It takes your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, pancreas and liver just to digest a glass of milk..

5. An adults stomach can hold approximately 1.5 liters of material.

6. The average male will eat about 50 tons of food during his lifetime in order to sustain a weight of 150 pounds.

7. Within the colon, a typical person harbors more than 400 distinct species of bacteria

8. The liver is the largest organ in the body and performs more than 500 functions.

9. The small intestine (pronounced in-test-in) is a long tube about 1 and a half to 2 inches around, and about 22 feet long.

10. A full grown horse?? Their coiled up intestines are 89 feet long.

11. Food stays in your stomach for 2 to 3 hours.

https://sites.google.com/site/digestivesystem3051/fun-facts-2

Digestive

System

Overview

The major parts of the digestive system:

Salivary glands/Tongue-no hair on the tongue!

Pharynx

Epiglottis

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Rectum

Anus

Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Esophagus

From pharynx to stomach:

Salivary glands release mucus for lubrication, antimicrobial agents, and amylase to digest starch.

E

piglottis covers respiratory tract during swallowing

At end of esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Propulsion of food occurs through

peristalsis

:

C

ontraction occurs behind the bolus of food and relaxation occurs ahead of the bolus of food

Stomach

Functions:

store food

initiate digestion of proteins-

peptoids

kill bacteria with the strong acidity (low pH of the gastric juice) HCLmake chymematerial passed from the stomach to the small intestine is called the

chyme

.

Small Intestine

S

mall intestine is from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

21

ft

in length, small in diameter compared to large intestine

R

egions of the small intestine:

duodenum:

absoprtion

of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, Ca

2+

, iron

jejuneum

:

absopriton

of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, Ca

2+

, iron

ileum: absorption of bile salts, vitamin B

12

, water electrolytes.

Villi/ microvilli: increases surface area for absorption

Core of villus:

blood capillaries: absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids

lymphatic vessels (central lacteal): absorption of fats

Large Intestine

L

arge intestine is from the ileocecal valve to the anus

P

arts of the large intestine: ascending colon, transverse colon,

descending

colon, sigmoid colon,

rectum

, anal canal

contains no villi

involved in absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamins.

Contains bacteria E-Coli which serve a number of functions

absorption of vitamins (B and K)

produce small fatty acids used as energy by GI epithelial cells

help breakdown indigestible molecules

final water content of feces is about 200 ml

Liver

Major functions:

P

roduction and secretion of

bile-breaks down fats

D

etoxication

of

blood-toxins

S

ecretion and storage of glucose

P

roduction of albumin

Stores fat soluble vitamins-A,D,K,E

Liver clears substances via the bile duct in a similar manner to the way the kidney clears substances into the nephron.

Gall bladder-looks like a thumb

Gallbladder stores bile.

PANCREAS

Pancreatic juice contains:

Produces insulin-controls blood sugar level

water: H

2

O

bicarbonate: HCO

3

-

amylase: digests starch

trypsin: digests protein

lipase: digests fatty acids

Disorders:

Crohn’s Disease

Causes: unknown

Chronic inflammation bowel disease (IBD)

Effects especially the last part of the small intestine, but can affect from mouth to anus area.

Age 15-35 700,00 people in USSymptoms: Diagnosis:Abdominal pain blood testDiarrhea stool test

Fever video capsule endoscopy

Weight loss barium x-ray

Vomiting Treatment: Diet/Medication

Humira

Disorders

Gastritis-inflammation of the stomach

Hemorrhoids-inflammation of the rectum and or anus area-blood vessels.

Hernia-intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall

Ulcers-bacteria breaking down the mucin layer in the stomach exposing the inner layer-mucosa layer of the stomach.

Hepatitis-viral infections of the liver B & CDiarrhea-liquid state of waste-fecesConstipation-solid state of the waste-fecesAcid Reflux-value at the end of the esophagus-back wash into

the esophagus.

Celiac Disease

Disorder to the digestive tract caused by the autoimmune system disorder

Gluten sensitivity-protein found in wheat, rye, barley

Symptoms:

Gas

BloatingCrampsDiarrheaCommon foods:Pasta’s, breads, crackers, seasonings, spices and some fried foods.No cure!

Treatment: Diet/Fruits vegetables, seeds, fish, dairy products

Diagnosis: Blood test for antibodies

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/digestive-system/

Explanation of the digestive system