Biology STAAR review Session 1 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Biology STAAR review

Session 1 Cell Structure & Function

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Housekeeping…WELCOME!!!!

NO EATING OR DRINKING ALLOWED IN THE AUDITORIUMPut away your phones and any other distractionsHave handy a pen & a highlighter

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Characteristics of Life

Made of CellsReproduce Grow and DevelopRespond to the environment

Obtain and use energy

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Levels of Biological Classification

AtomsBiomolecules

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The Cell…Basic Unit of Life

Prokaryotic (NO – Nucleus)Eukaryotic (True – Nucleus)

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Sort the following terms into your prokaryotic vs eukaryotic Venn diagram

Simple Complex Have DNA Have ribosomes

Have cytoplasm Nucleus NO nucleus

NO organelles

O

rganelles

C

ell membrane

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

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Circle the THREE structures found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells

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Virus Structure

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Are viruses considered living???

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Lytic

Pathway

–

rapid replication of the virus, ending in cell

lysis

(or death). More viruses are released to infect other cells – ex. Influenza

Lysogenic

pathway

The virus stays dormant until certain conditions triggers cause it to enter the lytic cycle – ex. HIV

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Are viruses considered living???

NO!!! They DO NOT meet ALL the characteristics of life!!

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Preventing diseases

Vaccine - a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. typically made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe.Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria and fungi

NOT viruses

!!!

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ALL cells in human body have the EXACT SAME DNAWhy do they look and function differently? Parts of the DNA within the cell are “turned on” and specialized to perform specific functions.

Cell Specialization

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STAAR Practice Questions

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The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to:

move inside a host cell

.

attach to a host cell.

control a host cell’s DNA

.

signal other viruses to infect a host cell.

Question 1

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The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to:

move inside a host cell

.

attach to a host cell

.

control a host cell’s DNA

.

signal other viruses to infect a host cell.

Question 1

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Question 7

Severe

acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is —

lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus

lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness

lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people

lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

Question 2

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Question 7

Severe

acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by a coronavirus. Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is —

lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus

lytic, because the virus causes respiratory illness

lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people

lytic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

Question 2

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Which

characteristic is shared by all four cells?a. A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy b. Self-locomotion

c. Membrane-bound

organelles that transport substances

d. Genetic

material composed of DNA

Question 3

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Which

characteristic is shared by all four cells?a. A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy b. Self-locomotion

c. Membrane-bound

organelles that transport substances

d. Genetic

material composed of DNA

Question 3

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Question 1

Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules like lipids and proteins within a cell?Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses

Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane

The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles

The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes

Question 4

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Question 1

Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules like lipids and proteins within a cell?Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses

Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane

The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles

The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes

Question 4

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Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, guanine, and thymine.Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.

Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.

Question 5

This & many other questions about biomolecules will be answered

WEDNESDAY 4/3

!!!