Be in the Know: Substance Use - PowerPoint Presentation

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Be in the Know:Substance Use

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What are we talking about today?What are students reporting?Teen BrainHarms of commonly used substances

Where can you get support and information?

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Trends: Changes in Drug Use

The Good News:In 2017 44% of students in grades 7-12 (an estimated 332,000 in Ontario) report using no drug at all during the past

year

Downward trends 1999

to 2017:

-alcohol (from 66.0% to 42.5%)

-binge drinking (from 27.6% to 16.9%)

-tobacco cigarettes (from 28.4% to 7.0%)

-cannabis (from 28.0% to 19.0%)

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Busting Stigma/AssumptionsWhat is the average age at which someone uses drugs for the first time?

What’s the most common drug used by youth?

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Teen Brain

The brain undergoes a considerable amount of development during the teen years, and does not fully mature until around the age of 25.

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Unfortunately, developing brains are generally more prone to damage. This means that experimentation with drugs and alcohol can have lasting, harmful effects on teen brains.

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Mental HealthSome mental illnesses have been seen to increase the incidence of substance use.

Substance use has been seen to increase the risk of experiencing mental health problems.

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Why youth may use?

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“ It helps me forget about my problems”

“It helps me

enjoy a party”

“I’m curious”

“So I won’t feel left out”

“ I use it out of boredom”

“It helps me relax”

“Because

I’m not supposed

to”

“I can’t

stop”

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#1 drug used by youthYouth drink differently than adultsN

ormalized in media/societyPerception of risk by youth and parentsAlcohol

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Immediate Health RisksViolence

Risky sexual behaviors   Alcohol poisoning

Unintentional injuries

FASD

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Long Term Health RisksCardiovascular Problems 

Mental HealthSocial Problems Neurological Problems

Liver

Disease/Gastrointestinal Problems

Cancer

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What is a Standard Drink?

Many people do not know how much alcohol they are

actually consuming

in a drink

Underestimating one’s consumption of alcohol can lead to binge drinking and related harms

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Play Matters

Drinking games result in a large amount of alcohol being consumed in a short amount of time

Examples include: Century Club, Beer Pong, Kings, Chug-A-Lug, Flip Cup

Get caught up in the “game” and lose track of how much has been consumed

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Alcohol PoisoningOccurs when drinking large quantities of alcohol within a short period of timeBinge drinking (≥5 drinks/drinking occasion)

Depresses nerves that control involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex Funneling, Chugging, Drinking Games

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Symptoms Passing out, semi consciousCold, pale, bluish skinVomiting while sleepingSlow breathingSeizures

Incontinent of urine

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Action Recovery position Call 911Stay with the person until help

arrivesNEVER leave the person to sleep it off

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Recovery Position

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a plant - also known as

Nicotiana

tabacum

Naturally contains over 2,500 chemicals - one of them being nicotine

When the tobacco plant is ripe, leaves are harvested, dried, fermented and aged

Processed leaves are now ready to be used in tobacco products

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Sacred Tobacco

Commercial Tobacco

Naturally grown

Gift from the creator

Used in ceremony,

prayer and rituals for thousands

of years.

Can have spiritual, cultural and medicinal purposes

Manufactured by the

tobacco industry (AKA “Big Tobacco”)

Made with harmful chemical additives

U

sed for recreation

Sold for-profit - only benefits

tobacco companies

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Tobacco ProductsSmoked tobacco products

CigaretteCigar, Cigarillo and little cigarsPipeWaterpipe / HookahSmokeless tobacco productsChew

Snus

Snuff

Heated tobacco products

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Smokeless ≠ Harmless

Chewing tobacco may not produce smoke but it doesn’t mean it’s harmless:Contains over 3000 chemicals, 28 are known to cause cancer

Higher levels of nicotine than cigarettes

Use can lead to:

Heart problems

Stomach problems

Tooth and gum problems

White patches or sores in the mouth

Addiction to nicotine

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Second-Hand Smoke

Contains over 7000 chemicals, 69 are known to cause cancerThere is no safe level

of second-hand smoke; everyone is at risk even if you don’t smoke

Unborn babies

Infants and children

Adults

Pets

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Hookah

≠ Safer

Water

does not

filter out toxins

Has the

same health effects

as cigarettes

It can be addictive

Produces second-hand smoke with the

same toxins

as cigarettes:

BUT

higher

carbon monoxide levels

Inhale

100-200 X’s more smoke

than

1 cigarette

in a 1hour hookah session

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Hookah’s can = disease

Sharing a hookah with others (even friends / family) can spread the following disease(s):

Hepatitis

Flu

Meningitis

TB

All of the above

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Nicotine and the Brain

Nicotine during “construction” can: risk for mood disorders later on risks for addiction and further substance useHarm the part of the brain that helps to focus and learn

Sensitive to the rewarding effects of nicotine

The brain is still “under construction” until ~ age 25

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… Big Tobacco targets YOU

Potential new users (AKA YOU) are targeted / “recruited” by:

Packaging

Flavours

Advertising and promotional activities

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E-Cigarettes/Vape

“Vaping” is the act of using an e-cigarette:

An

individual sucks on the mouthpiece activating the heating element.

The liquid in the cartridge heats up, turning it into a

vapour

to be inhaled.

Vapour

is only released when the e-cigarette is sucked on.

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Fact or MythVapour products should be used because they have been around for awhile and are less harmful than regular cigarettes.

Fact

Myth

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While e-cigarettes may be safer than regular cigarettes,

less harmful doesn’t mean safe.

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Fact or MythFlavours used in vapour products are harmless and are only used to make it more enjoyable to vape.

Fact

Myth

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Flavouring in vapour products“Popcorn Lung” (Bronchiolitis obliterans):

A serious irreversible disease that results in thickening and narrowing of smallest airways of the lungs.Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and feeling tired

Caused

by

flavouring

agent called

diacetyl

Flavours

added to

vapour

products

may not be safe for breathing into your lungs.

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Is vaping legal?

Yes

NO

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Tobacco & Vaping Products Act Health Canada’s “

Tobacco and Vaping Products Act (TPVA)”, makes it legal for a vapour product to contain nicotine unless it makes a health claim.

In the future this act will protect youth from nicotine addiction and include:

Rules related to manufacturing standards and product

and packaging labelling

Restrictions on the promotion of vaping products

Restrictions

on the sale of

vapour

products

that may appeal to

youth

Banning

the use of certain ingredients

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Smoke-Free Ontario Act, 2017

Cannot sell or supply vapour products to anyone under 19 years of age (includes e-liquid)

Cannot use

an e-cigarette to vape any

substance anywhere that you

cannot

smoke tobacco, such as:

On hospital and

other health care facilities

grounds

In child

care

facilities / daycares

Enclosed workplaces and workplace vehicles

Enclosed public places

Common

areas

in

condos, apartment buildings or university / college residences

Reserved

outdoor seating venues

In a vehicle with anyone > 16 years of age

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Cannot use an e-cigarette to vape any substance anywhere that you cannot smoke tobacco, such as:On school property and public areas within 20m of the perimeter of the

groundsPublic areas within 20m of the perimeter of the grounds of a Community recreational facilitiesOn

restaurant and bar patios and public areas within 9m

of

the restaurant or bar

patio

On

and within 20 metres of children’s playgrounds, sports fields and spectator

areas etc.

Smoke-Free Ontario Act, 2017

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Fact or MythVaping leads to increased chance of starting to smoke cigarettes

Fact

Myth

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Strong evidence that e-cigarettes are associated with initiation of cigarette smoking among youth.  31.5% of students who had smoked cigarettes also smoked e-cigarettes

The Concerning Trend

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CannabisCannabis comes from the cannabis plant

Usually green/brown/grey colouredTHC is the main ingredient that causes the “high”

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The Rise of THC

1969 until the late 1970’s

c

annabis contained roughly 1% THC

2017: cannabis contains

15-20

%

THC

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Concerns with CannabisCannabis smoke has cancer-causing toxins that can cause damage to the lungs

Cannabis use can cause decreased IQ, concentration, and poor memory

Users are 2x more likely to have a car crash while driving impaired

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Youth are at the greatest risk of the negative health effects of cannabis because the brain continues to develop until age 25

1 in 6 people who use cannabis during their teens will develop a cannabis use disorder

Teens who use cannabis are at an increased risk for depression, anxiety disorders and psychosis

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Have you thought about…Cannabis use can causeLower grades and exam scores

Relationship problemsFinancial difficultiesSperm abnormalities

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Harm-ReductionPolicies, programs and interventions that reduce negative health and social consequences of substance misuse without quitting the substance completely.

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines

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Medicinal CannabisEffective for:For the treatment for chronic pain in adults (cannabis)

Antiemetics in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (oral cannabinoids) For improving patient-reported multiple sclerosis spasticity symptoms (oral cannabinoids)

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True or false: it is considered illegal to possess OPIOID pain medication unless you are a patient with a prescription from a licensed health care professional.True

False

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What are possible long term effects of taking opioids?Constipation

Decreased sex driveMenstrual irregularitiesMood swings

All of the above

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What is a risk of taking an opioid that increases even more when taken with other depressant drugs like alcohol?Heart attack

Breathing can stopSeizureStrokeMuscle spasms

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True or false: people can develop a tolerance to opioids fairly quickly with regular use?

True False

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Overdose Medical

Emergency

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Naloxone

Recognizing the signs of an overdose, calling 911 and having a naloxone kit can save a life

Get a take-home naloxone kit for 

free 

from participating pharmacies or the Health Unit

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Recovery Position

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Harm ReductionDon’t use alone

Don’t mix drugs with other drugs or alcoholCarry NaloxoneKnow your tolerance

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Community Supports for Substance UseYour health care provider

School social workerSchool nurseThames Valley Addiction Services Canadian Mental Health AssociationCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthConnex OntarioAl-Anon Family Group

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Web ResourcesThe Middlesex London Health UnitDrug Free Kids Canada

Canadian Centre on Substance AbuseSmokers HelplineGovernment of CanadaCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthWorld Health OrganizationThe Surgeon GeneralThink about It