Infection Control Ms. Carey - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Infection Control

Ms. Carey

Orientation to Health occupations

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-SA

Slide2

Understanding the principles of infection control

Healthcare workers must understand the basic principles of infection control to protect themselves and their patients. They must know how disease is

transmitted

and how to prevent disease transmission.

A

microorganism

is a small, living organism that is not visible to the naked eye. You must use a microscope to see them.

Found everywhere in the environment

Found on and in the human body

Many are part of normal

flora

of body and Can be beneficial to your health

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=120&v=5DTrENdWvvM

Slide3

Microorganisms (also called microbes)

Found everywhere

Found on and in the human body

-

Nonpathogens

– beneficial to the human body

-

Pathogens

– cause infection or disease

Most need

warm, dark, moist

environments

The human body is the perfect environment for microorganisms to LIVE

Slide4

Classification of microorganismsBacteria Protozoa

Fungi Rickettsiae Viruses

Slide5

bacteria

Simple one-celled Plantlike organismsMultiply rapidlyClassified by shape and arrangement

-cocci – round in shape (figure 13-1) in pairs – diplococci (pneumonia) in chains – streptococcus (strep throat) In clusters – staphylococci (pus-producing, like boils, skin, and wound infections - MRSA)

Slide6

Bacteria cont’d

-Bacilli are rod shaped (Figure 13.2)Occur singly, in pairs, or in chainsMay have flagella (like tails)

Ability to form spores (thick walled capsules) which make them hard to killCause diseases like tuberculosis, tetanus, botulism, typhoid

Slide7

Bacteria cont’d

Spirilla

- spiral or corkscrew shape

(Figure 13-3)

-cause syphilis and cholera

Slide8

Antibiotic resistanceAntibiotics are used to kill bacteria Some have become antibiotic-resistant. When bacteria become antibiotic resistant, antibiotics are no longer effective.

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-antibiotics-become-resistant-over-time-kevin-wu

Slide9

protozoa

One-celled, animal-like organisms (figure 13-4)

Found in decayed materials and

contaminated water

May have flagella for movement

Some are

pathogenic

– harmful, causing disease

Examples: malaria, trichomonas, amebic dysentery

Slide10

Fungi

Simple, plant-like organisms

Live on dead organic matter

Yeast and molds

Can be pathogenic

Examples: ringworm. Athlete’s foot, thrush

(fig 13-5)

Slide11

rickettsiae

Parasitic microorganisms -Cannot live outside the cells of another

living organism

Transmitted to humans by the bites of

insects (e.g., fleas, lice, ticks, mites)

Examples: Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Slide12

viruses

Smallest microorganisms -Must use electron microscope to see

Must be inside another living cell to reproduce

Spread by blood and body secretions

Very difficult to kill – they are resistant to many disinfectants

antibiotics will not kill viruses

Cause many diseases – common cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox, herpes, warts, the flu, polio, Ebola, hepatitis a, b, and c

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ&feature=share

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-NC-ND

Slide13

Pathogens –(please define)

Non-Pathogens

(please define)

“MICROORGANISMS”

List the five classifications of microorganisms

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Please use your notes to complete this graphic organizer in your notebook.

Slide14

Terms that describe Types of infectionsEndogenous – The infection or disease originates within the body (things like tumors, diabetes, heart disease,

etc) Exogenous – Means the infection or disease originates outside of the body (Pathogenic microorganisms that invade the body, trauma, accidents, etc)Opportunistic – occur when the body’s defenses are weak, such as with HIVNosocomial – an infection that is acquired in a health care Facility (such as a hospital or nursing home). They are transmitted by health care workers to the patient

Slide15

Video Demonstration ofThe Chain of infection – how infections are spreadhttps

://safeYouTube.net/w/3PcsWhile you watch, write down all the times you see that could spread infections

Slide16

Draw the Chain of Infection on your Worksheet

Slide17

Slide18

Chain of infection

Organism

– the pathogen (the bacteria or virus)Reservoir – the area the bacteria or virus lives (human body, fomites, animals, the environment)

A fomite is an object that is contaminated with a pathogen, like a

doorknob, bedpan, desk, textbook (yuck!)Portal of exit

–

a way for the pathogen to escape (urine, blood, draining wounds, saliva, droplets from a sneeze,

eTC

…)

transmission

–

a way the pathogen can be transmitted (person-to-person, bug bite, touching contaminated objects

unwashed hands!

)

Portal of entry

–

a way for a pathogen to enter the new reservoir or host

breaks in the skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract, mucous membranes

Vulnerable host

– person likely to get an infection, usually because their body defenses are weak.

Slide19

How to break the chain of infection

If you can eliminate any part of the chain, the spread of disease or infection will be stopped

What are some ways you can break the chain of infection? * Handwashing – most effective method of Breaking the chain of infection *Immunizations *Proper disposal of contaminated objects

*proper food handling *wearing proper personal protective Equipment (PPE)

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-NC

Slide20

HANDWASHINGHandwashing is the best aseptic technique to break the chain of infectionWhen should you wash your hands?Before and After every patient contact

Before applying or removing glovesAfter picking up an item off the floorAfter use of the bathroomAfter you cough, sneeze, or use a tissueBefore and after any contact with your mouth or mucous membrane (eating, drinking, applying lip balm, inserting or removing contact lenses)Anytime hands become contaminated during a procedureAny time gloves become punctured https://www.cdc.gov/cdctv/healthyliving/hygiene/hand-hygiene-saves-lives.html

Slide21

Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne pathogens are pathogens that are spread through blood and body fluids. The three bloodborne pathogens that health care workers must protect themselves from are: Hepatitis B hepatitis c hiv

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auMdZ33E9e8

D

Slide22

Viruses –

hepatitis b

Caused by HBV

Transmitted by blood, serum, and body secretions

Affects the liver

Vaccine

available for protection

Vaccine is expensive – it’s a series of three shots

OSHA

states that By law, Health care workers who may be exposed to blood or body fluids must be offered the vaccine for free from their employers

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-NC-SA

Slide23

Hepatitis c

Caused by HCV

Transmitted by blood and blood-containing body fluids

Many infected individuals are asymptomatic (have no symptoms)

Others have mild symptoms – like the flu

Can cause severe

liver

damage

Currently,

no vaccine

is ready for use

Vaccine is in development stage

Very hard to kill – can survive in dried blood

for several days

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-SA

Slide24

Aids

– acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Suppresses the

immune system

Individual becomes susceptible to cancers and infections that would not affect a healthy person

No

cure

and no

vaccine

Take precautions for prevention

Transmitted through

blood

and

body fluids

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-NC-ND

Slide25

Standard precautions

Standard precautions were developed by the CDC –

the Centers for disease control and prevention

.

Standard precautions state that you should treat all body fluids (except sweat) and all patients as infectious.

Slide26

Bloodborne pathogens standard

Osha

sets standards that must be followed by health care facilities to protect its workers. Three of these standards are:

1. They must provide

PPE

2. They must provide

yearly training

3. They

must provide

the hepatitis b vaccine

at no cost to the employee. If the employee does not want it, they must sign a written release.

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-SA

Slide27

PPE - Personal protective equipment1. Gloves 2. gown3. goggles (protective eyewear)

4. mask

Slide28

Sharps container

To protect themselves from contact with sharp objects that may be contaminated with pathogens, health care workers dispose of sharp objects in a

sharps container

which has hard, rigid sides, which sharp objects cannot penetrate or puncture.

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-SA

Slide29

All infectious waste must be placed in a

biohazardous waste bag.

Slide30

aseptic techniques

Pathogens are everywhere

Contaminated

means that pathogens and organisms are present

Asepsis

is the absence of disease causing microorganisms, or pathogens

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-SA

Slide31

Common aseptic techniques include:

Handwashing

Good personal hygiene

Use of disposable gloves

Proper cleaning of instruments and equipment

Thorough cleaning of the environment

Slide32

Aseptic techniques cont’d

Antiseptics

—can be used on the skin

–

the use of antiseptics to prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms. Not effective on spores or viruses.

Examples of Antiseptics are Listerine, alcohol, iodine, hydrogen peroxide.

Slide33

Disinfectants—used mainly on objects, can damage or irritate skin. Process that destroys or kills pathogenic organisms. Not always effective on spores or viruses (Does not kill all micro-organisms – 99.99%)

Slide34

Sterilization—use of steam under pressure, gas, radiation, and chemicals on objects. This process destroys all microorganisms

This Photo

by Unknown Author is licensed under

CC BY-SA