ENGLISH THE WINDOW TO THE WORLD English is the linguafranca of the modern world English is the language of the internet English is the language of higher education English is the language of international trade tourism politics and literature ID: 935185
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Slide1
BySaji KrishnaMPhil, MA, MSW, UGC NET, TEFL, PGDTE
Slide2ENGLISH –THE WINDOW TO THE WORLD
English
is
the lingua-franca of the modern world
English is the language of the internetEnglish is the language of higher educationEnglish is the language of international trade, tourism, politics and literatureIn India, Tanzania, and many other countries, English is one of the official languages
Slide3World englishesNATIVE LANGUAGE
The UKThe USA
Australia
New Zealand
CanadaSECOND LANGUAGEIndian EnglishAfrican EnglishSingaporean English etc.
Slide4The need for a better pronunciation
“Native speakers generally understand one another
” but “Non native verities cause intelligibility problems
”
Slide5The need for a better pronunciation
“You don’t want your pronunciation to interfere with the understanding of what you say” or “You may want to show your identity and status”
Slide6Mother tongue influence
The sound system of Languages are different
English has its sound system, whereas Swahili has its sound system.
When a second language or foreign language is learned, always the sound system of the first language or the mother tongue colours the sound system of the target language.
Learners will have a strong tendency to hear the sounds of English in terms of the sounds of their native language.So, the vocal apparatus assimilate the foreign sounds to the sounds they are familiar with. Eg. ‘r’, ‘w’, ‘p’, ‘z’, ‘t’. ‘d’ etc.
“
One should Learn the Sounds of the Target language as they are”
Slide7SWAHILI INFLUENCE ON ENGLISHSPEECHCONTACT
PULMONICPERCENTLINGUISTICPROCEED
THAT
BECAUSE
LANGUAGEANDINFLUENCEUSEDPROCEEDBRANCHWORDMANHAVE
Slide8“On a Wednesday, I wanted a Pizza, so went a buffet, with a bouquet, but lost the receipt!”
Slide9PROBLEM 2: English Orthography
English orthography is problematic. T
here’s no one to one relationship between spelling and the pronunciation
There are many silent letters which should not be pronounced.
There are silent sounds in spelling which are supposed to be pronounced. “One should Learn them as they are, no other solution”
Slide10Problem 3: English is not a phonetic language
There are 44 sounds in English and only 26 letters
Out of these 26 letters, many are pronounced differently according to the context in which they appear.
‘C’ is a ‘k’ in cat, a ‘s’ in cigarette. ‘G’ is a ‘
dz’ in giant and a ‘g’ in target.The /ei/ sound is represented using many combinations like: ‘ai’, as in ‘main’; ‘ay’ as in ‘pay’, ‘say’, ‘day’; ‘ei’ as in leint, vein; ‘eigh’ as in ‘weight’, ‘eight’ etc.One letter represent different sounds, and same sounds are represented by different letters and letter combinations.
Slide11G B Shaw’s funny remarks
George Bernard Shaw says that the English word ‘fish’ could be spelled as ‘
ghoti
’ : ‘gh’ as in ‘laugh’, ‘o’ as in ‘women’, and ‘ti’ as in ‘action’
Slide12Why doesn’t it affect the native speakers?
“Native speakers of English, first speak and then write, we first write and then speak!”
Slide13WORD STRESS
A word can be divided into syllables(the unit next in hierarchy to an individual sound)
Every content word in English has a stressed syllable which makes its pronunciation very characteristic.
Slide14Hotel
Slide15Hoˈ
tel
Slide16Proˈ
fe
ssor
Slide17Examination
Slide18Exami
ˈnation
/
ɪgˌ
zæmɪˈneɪʃən/
Slide19ˈ
Photograph
Pho
ˈ
tographerPhotoˈgraphic
Slide20Try to utter these words
Police
Abdomen
Academic
CassetteEnglishJulyAcademy
Academician
Leopard
Tortoise
Slide21Syllable stress is marked with a vertical hyphen
Po
ˈ
lice
ˈAbdomenAcaˈdemicCaˈssette
ˈ
Eng
lish
Ju
ˈ
ly
A
ˈ
ca
demy
Aca
ˈ
de
mic
Acade
ˈ
mi
cian
ˈ
Leo
pard
ˈ
Tor
toise
Slide22Interestingly when stress changes, the WORD CLASS also changes
NOUN
VERB
‘INSULT
IN’SULT‘IMPORT IM’PORT ‘INCREASEIN’CREASE
Slide23Words Often mispronounced with wrong placement of stressWORDS WRONGLY ACCENTED ON THE FIRST SYLLABLE
DE
VELOP DE
VE
LOPACTIVITY ACTIVITYALREADY ALREADYOCCUR OCCURPREFER PREFERPOLICE POLICEOBSERVE OBSERVEPERFORM PERFORMFORGET FORGETCAREER CAREERWORDS WRONGLY ACCENTED ON THE SECOND SYLLABLE
AT
MOS
PHERE
AT
MOSPHERE
IN
DU
STRY
IN
DUSTRY
MI
NI
STER
MI
NISTER
RE
FUGE
RE
FUGE
WRI
TTEN
WRI
TTEN
MUR
DER
MUR
DER
YEL
LOW
YEL
LOW
CA
MERA
CA
MERA
HAM
MOCK
HA
MMOCK
MU
SIC
MU
SIC
Slide24Use of Weak Forms and Short Forms:
English has Weak forms and short forms
The grammatical words are either contracted or made weak in speaking
Prepositions, Conjunctions, Auxiliary verbs, and Personal
Pronouns are all shortenedE.g. “It is for you”- It is becomes its, for
becomes
fe
and
you
becomes
ye
“I am going to college”-
I am
becomes
am
,
to
becomes
te
“Do you like it”-
Do
becomes
d
,
you
becomes
ye
“
I and you”-
and
becomes
n
‘ I will’ - I’ll, I am - am, I would - I’d,
I
have –
I
’ve,
I’ll do it, I’d like to, I’ve done it, I would’ve gone there,
C
an ye do it, I dint want to
“
I would like to Go to London to Learn English for you!”
Slide25Weak forms English to have a stress-timed rhythmStress in English comes in regular intervals of time
Cows eat grass
(3)
The
cows eat the grass (5)The cows are eating the grass (7)The cows have been eating the grass (8)The cows are eating the new grass (8)
Slide26Observe, Understand, Unlearn and Relearn:
Observe, Analyse, understand Unlearn and Relearn.
Listen to a lot of Standard English like CNN, BBC, and native English movies.
Record your chunks of conversation in a tape recorder and analyse them.
Loud Reading and Silent Reading emphasizing the Pronunciation. “Why Cant You Start it from now onwards!”
Slide27Annihilate the English phobic Syndrome:
English is just another language. Even beggars in America speak English
Don’t be shy of what others think
Practise in front of the Mirror
Talk to yourselfTalk with your friendsDare in front of Devil
“
NO ONE ELSE, ONLY YOU CAN DO THIS!”
Slide28