By Rodney Walker Sociology 2630 Summer 2014 Deidre Tyler 1 Table of Contents Pg3 Reflection Page What I Already Knew Pg4 Undergraduate Research Journal for Human Sciences Pg5 Journal of Policy Analysis and Management ID: 569198
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Slide1
Affirmative Action
By Rodney Walker Sociology 2630 Summer 2014 Deidre Tyler
1Slide2
Table of Contents
Pg3 Reflection
Page: What I Already Knew
Pg4 Undergraduate
Research Journal for Human Sciences
Pg5 Journal of Policy Analysis and ManagementPg6 Political Party Statistical Views on Affirmative ActionPg7 Affirmative Action Views by RacePg8 Book SummaryPg9 Reflection Page: What I learned
2Slide3
Reflection: What I Already Knew
More opportunities for minorities and women
It creates a more even playing field for minorities
It creates better job advancements than in earlier years.
Lyndon B Johnson made it happen.
In 1961 President Johnson signed the affirmative action bill.In 1967 the bill was amended to include gender not just race.
Affirmative action is not received well by many
People think it’s a form of reverse discrimination.
People think that it lowers standards and expectations
.
3Slide4
Undergraduate Research Journal for Human Sciences
The Evolution of Affirmative Action
Over the years there have been many changes to the original affirmative action policy regarding fairness and equal opportunities.
For
instance the Public
Works in Employment Act required that at least ten
percent of the funds granted to state and local governments for construction be set aside for
minority
business
enterprises.
In
the beginning stages of Affirmative action, the goal was to allow everyone the same opportunities of advancement and achievement in economic success but instead many are viewing it as reverse discrimination.
As the years have gone by, the US Supreme
C
ourt
has
begun hearing more and more cases in regards to affirmative action and the views that it has now become unconstitutional. Currently there are eight states that have banned affirmative actions
.
“Affirmative action fueled a movement towards equality, integration, and colorblindness that together served as a catalyst for minorities.”Rojas, M. (2012). The Evolution of Affirmative Action. (D. Mitstifer, Ed.) Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Science, 11. Retrieved July 2014, from http://www.kon.org/urc/v11/rojas.html
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Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
Affirmative Action:
What We Know
Affirmative
action
policies are necessary to offset the systematic barriers that minorities and women continue to face. It is needed to
equalize
opportunity in the areas of higher education, employment, and
procurement
of government contracts
for women and minorities.
affirmative action is essential if the rewards of good jobs, university slots, and government contracts are to be distributed equitably and
fairly
Those against affirmative
action
say the problem is the weaknesses shown in
early family and school environments that continue to generate low skills among underrepresented minorities, which in turn generate lower representation and poorer performance in highly-paid jobs and university positions for these
groups.
E
ven if affirmative action survives these policies are not themselves sufficient to close the educational and employment gaps that plague U.S. minorities.Holzer, H., & Neumark, D. (2006, spring). Affirmative Action: What Do We Know? Journal of Public Policy Analysis and Management, 25(2), 463-490. Retrieved 2014, from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30162729?uid=3739928&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104525498843
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Gallop Data Poll gathered 6/2013-7/2013
http://www.gallup.com/poll/163655/reject-considering-race-college-admissions.aspx
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Affirmative Action by Race in America 2013 Study
http://www.gallup.com/poll/163655/reject-considering-race-college-admissions.aspx
7Slide8
Book Summary: When Affirmative Action Was White
by Ira Katznlson
It
needs to be shown how discriminatory institutions, decisions, actions, and practices have negatively affected
the black circumstances in America.
Popular and political support for corrective justice will depend on the clarity and persuasiveness of the association between harms and remedies of those under the affirmative action laws.
When government is directly involved, claims for systemic compensation to match systemic harm become most compelling
.
Public
policies have
been the most decisive instruments dividing Americans into different racial groups with vastly different life circumstances and
possibilities
There must be a clear and tight link connecting affirmative action's remedies to specific historical harms based on
race.
African American individuals have been discriminated against because they were black, and for no other reason; under affirmative action, they are compensated not for being black, but
because
they were subject to unfair treatment at an earlier moment because they were black.
Injuries dealt by government count for more than private patterns of institutional
racism.
I really enjoyed this book and found many interesting facts within the book. I agreed with the points that this author was making throughout the entire book. I thought his position was well stated, well researched, and well written from beginning to end. His background as a professor of Political Science and History at Columbia University gives him credibility to write the book with authority.The author helped me understand the topic of affirmative action by linking the past to the present and using great examples of reference.
Works Cited on this slide:
Katznelson
, I. (2005). When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in America. New York, United States: W.W Norton & Co. 239 p
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What I learned about Affirmative Action
Nine states have completely banned Affirmative Action claiming its unconstitutional
Oklahoma banned in 2012
New Hampshire banned in 2011
Arizona banned in 2010
Colorado banned in 2008
Nebraska banned in 2008
Michigan banned in 2006
Florida banned in 1999
Washington banned in 1998
California banned in 1996
The U.S Supreme Court is hearing more cases surrounding reverse discrimination than ever before
April 22, 2014
Supreme
Court upholds Michigan's ban of using racial criteria in college
admissions
2013 Fisher v. Texas students argued that the University of Texas could not use race as a factor in admission processes
2009 Ricci
v Stefani Cant disregard a promotion test because blacks failed to qualify for
advancement.
Affirmative action has been considered reverse discrimination by many.
A
ffirmative
A
ction is not just in the employment field but applies to colleges and universities as well.
Affirmative Action is a very small Band-Aid on a very large cut.
White men who have always had the advantages and the economic benefits in this country are the biggest advisories to Affirmative action.
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