Friday May 26, 2017 - PowerPoint Presentation

FridayMay 26, 2017 Agenda(10) Catalyst (20) Protein Synthesis Review + Whiteboard Practice(15) Review Homeostasis(25) Trashketball (15) Daily Quiz I can:review the process of protein synthesis & how cells maintain homeostasis CatalystIf a dog somatic cell has 30 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would its gamete have?What are the 5 stages of the mitotic phase? HW: None! Take a break (135 Things … due next Friday)

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

Biology Released Form

DNADNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a long molecule made up of monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts:a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate groupa nitrogenous base

Nitrogenous BasesDNA contains four nitrogenous bases:adenine (A)thymine (T)cytosine (C)guanine (G) The order of these bases determines the genetic code.

DNA Structure The structure of DNA is often described as a double helix, or twisted ladder.

The rungs of the ladder are formed by the four nitrogen bases and are held together by weak hydrogen bonds. a single nucleotide The backbone of DNA is formed by alternating sugar and phosphates held together by a strong bond.

Base-Pairing RulesThe bases of DNA pair with each other in a predictable way. A always pairs with TC always pairs with GDNA is said to be complementary – each strand can be used as a template for the other half using the base-pairing rules.

Before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called replication. This process ensures that each cell made has a complete set of DNA directions.

ReplicationDuring replication, the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base-pairing: T T C C G G G A A with T C with G

DNA replication is carried out by a series of enzymes DNA helicase “unzips” DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs. the molecule unwinds

DNA replication is carried out by a series of enzymes2. DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the (old) template.

3. DNA polymerase “proofreads” each new DNA strand, because sometimes it makes typos.

Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and one new strand. This method of replication is said to be semi-conservative.

RNARibonucleic acid (RNA) is a long chain of nucleotides. ribose sugar nucleotides contain ribose sugar (instead of deoxyribose)nitrogen bases: AU CGsingle-stranded molecule

DNA  mRNA  proteinGenes contain the instruction for making a protein. In transcription , DNA is used to make mRNA in the nucleus. In translation, tRNA brings amino acids in the proper order to make the protein on the ribosome. Protein Synthesis mRNA leaves nucleus

Things That Involve DNAReplication: DNA  DNA (nucleus)Transcription: DNA  mRNA (nucleus) Translation: mRNA  amino acid (ribosome)

reading a codon chart AAT CGA GCA TAA convert DNA to mRNAAAT CGA GCA TAA UUA GCU CGU AUU find the appropriate amino acid using the codon chart leu - ala - arg - ile

Whiteboard PracticeREPLICATE THE DNA STRAND(find the complimentary strand)

WHAT IS THE COMPLEMENTARY STRAND?ATG GGC TGC ACA CGT GAT GGA CTT

TRANSCRIBE:ATG GGC TGC ACA CGT GAT GGA CTT

TRANSLATE:ATG GGC TGC ACA CGT GAT GGA CTT

Whiteboard Question

Whiteboard Question

Whiteboard Question

HomeostasisCells must maintain homeostasis, or keep a stable internal environment. homeostasis = staying balanced What helps the cell maintain a balanced internal environment?

Cell Membrane The cell membrane is the boundary that separates the cell from its surroundings. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell and helps maintain homeostasis.It is semi-permeable meaning that it allows certain substances to pass through.

Be prepared to explain your answer!Water enters a cell and waste material leaves a cell through the cell membrane. Based on this information, the cell membrane is: A. semi-permeable B. transparent C. rigid D. impermeable

Which could be used to represent the plasma membrane’s job? A. a farmer growing crops B. a high school principal running a school C. a nuclear power plant producing energy D. a gatekeeper allowing cars in and out of a parking lotBe prepared to explain your answer!

Be prepared to explain your answer!How does the plasma membrane help the cell? A. provides a rigid shape and size B. separates DNA from the rest of the cell C. allows certain substances to move into and out of the cell D. contains pigments to protect the cells from sunlight

Be prepared to explain your answer!An organism’s ability to maintain balance and stability within its vital internal systems is best referred to as what process? A. mitosis B. homeostasis C. photosynthesis D. asexual reproduction

Facilitated DiffusionMolecules move from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins in the cell membrane. Passive TransportThe movement of molecules across a membrane without using energy. DiffusionMolecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration. OsmosisWater moves from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion Protein channels and carrier proteins help molecules pass through the membrane without using energy.

But how does a cell transport a substance that is too large across the membrane? How does it transport substances from a low concentration to a high concentration? diffusion

Active Transport The movement of particles from low to high concentration is called active transport because it requires energy.

Active TransportProtein pumps that use ATP (energy) carry molecules across the membrane.

When a cell is placed into…a saltwater solution it will ________ because water will move _______ the cell from a ______ concentration of water to a ____ concentration of water. shrink out of high low

When a cell is placed into…distilled water it will ________ because water will move _______ the cell from a ______ concentration of water to a ____ concentration of water. swell into high low

When a cell is placed into…an isotonic solution it will ________________ because the concentrations are at ___________. stay the same size equilibrium isotonic = same concentration

Homeostasis in OrganismsWhen an organism’s internal state is thrown off-balance, it tries to return to its original state through homeostasis.Example: You work out and get overheated. What does your body do to maintain homeostasis? You sweat so your body cools down!

TRASHKETBALL

Be prepared to explain your answer!Why does active transport require energy? A. Materials are moved from low concentration to low concentration against their concentration gradient. B. Materials are moved from low concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient. C. Materials are moved from high concentration to low concentration against the concentration gradient. D. Materials are moved from high concentration to high concentration against the concentration gradient.

Be prepared to explain your answer!A cell is placed into a salt solution. The salt concentration is greater in the solution than inside the cell. Which best describes what will most likely happen? A. Water will flow into the cell by active transport. B. Water will flow into the cell by passive transport. C. Water will flow out of the cell by active transport. D. Water will flow out of the cell by passive transport.

Be prepared to explain your answer!What causes your fingers and toes to become wrinkled when you are in the water for a long time? A . Water flows out of your skin. B. The surrounding water flows into your skin. C. Salt flows out of your cells, causing your skin to wrinkle. D. The surrounding pressure of the water causes your skin to wrinkle.

Be prepared to explain your answer!Dialysis tubing containing a white starch solution is placed in a beaker. The beaker contains a dilute iodine solution. After 24 hours, the starch solution inside the dialysis tubing is dark purple. Which best explains what has occurred? Starch molecules entered the iodine solution through active transport.Iodine molecules diffused into the dialysis tubing from the iodine solution.Starch molecules diffused through the dialysis tubing into the iodine solution.D. Water entered the dialysis tubing by osmosis and reacted with the starch molecules.

Be prepared to explain your answer!During hot summer months, turtles burrow down in the mud to cool their internal body temperature, illustrating which of the following life processes?A. nutrition B. hibernationC. homeostasisD. growth and development

Be prepared to explain your answer!The organelle identified by the arrow in the diagram below is a contractile vacuole of a protist in a jar of spring water. If distilled water is added to the slide, what would be the most likely effect on the pumping action of the contractile vacuole? A. The rate would remain the same. B. The pumping action would stop. C. The rate would decrease. D. The rate would increase.

Be prepared to explain your answer!What is one way the body reacts to cold weather? sneezing swallowing shivering sweating

Be prepared to explain your answer!A man is exercising on a treadmill. As his speed increases, the capillaries located near the surface of his skin more than double in diameter. Why is this increase in capillary size most beneficial to the human body?A. It allows for the loss of heat to cool the body.B. It allows for the absorption of heat to warm the body.C. It allows for the transport of less carbon dioxide through the body. D. It allows for the transport of more carbon dioxide through the body.

Which is a result of mitosis?A. four sex cellsB. four haploid cellsC. two diploid daughter cellsD. two haploid daughter cells2 pts.

Why is cytokinesis important in cell division?A. The cell growsB. The nucleus dividesC. Chromosomes are duplicatedD. The cytoplasm and cell membrane split, forming two daughter cells2 pts.

Before the process of mitosis can start, which must occur?A. DNA replicationB. RNA transcriptionC. Protein translationD. Microtubule formation2 pts.

Which is most likely occurring when animal cells undergo mitosis at an abnormally high rate?A. Gametes are being producedB. Cells are undergoing cytolysis C. Haploid cells are being createdD. Cancerous tumors are developing4 pts.

Some species of starfish can reproduce by breaking off an arm or splitting in half. Each arm or half then becomes a whole new organism genetically identical to the parent. Which type of cell division occurs in this process?A. MeiosisB. Mitosis C. BuddingD. Conjugation4 pts.

Why does meiosis promote genetic variability?A. Meiosis undergoes one cell division producing diploid cells.B. Meiosis undergoes one cell division producing haploid cells. C. Meiosis undergoes two cell divisions producing diploid cells.D. Meiosis undergoes two cell divisions producing haploid cells.4 pts.

An individual has three number 21 chromosomes. Which is most likely the cause?A. DisjunctionB. Crossing overC. Gene mutation D. Nondisjunction4 pts.

Which explains the significance of meiosis in the development of gametes?A. Meiosis produces identical daughter cells.B. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by one-half. C. Meiosis combines an egg and a sperm to form a zygote.D. Meiosis increases the number of offspring an organism can produce.4 pts.

What is a result of crossing over during meiosis?A. Genetic variationB. Extra chromosomes formed C. Loss of chromosomesD. Production of gametes4 pts.

How does crossing over contribute to greater genetic diversity? A. It results in the exchange of proteins. B. It produces new combinations of alleles.C. It reduces the number of chromosomes in each cell. D. It separates the chromosomes at the centromeres. 6 pts.

During which actions can an exchange of genetic information occur during meiosis, rather than during mitosis? A. assortment and alignment B. alignment and crossing over C. crossing over and replication D. assortment and crossing over 6 pts.

Meiosis produces cells in the haploid state. In which process is the chromosome number restored to the diploid state? A. ovulation B. fertilizationC. nondisjunction D. spermatogenesis 6 pts.

Which best describes the purpose of sexual reproduction? A. to produce offspring that are non­viable B. to produce offspring that are genetically identical C. to produce offspring that exhibit greater genetic variationsD. to produce offspring that are genetically identical to their parents 6 pts.

Nondisjunction during meiosis results in an abnormal number of chromosomes in one or more gametes. In some cases of nondisjunction, a single chromosome fails to separate. In others, none of the chromosomes separate. Suppose an egg is produced in which none of the chromosomes separate during meiosis II. What is the chromosome number of the zygote that results if this egg is fertilized by a normal sperm? A. 1n B. 2nC. 2n+1 D. 3n6 pts.

The skin cells of an adult female rat has 40 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. A healthy egg cell would contain which number and type of chromosomes? 20 autosomes and 1 X chromosome 20 autosomes and 1 Y chromosome 40 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes 40 autosomes and 2 Y chromosomes 6 pts.

Be prepared to explain your answer!Which process best represents a balance of glucose in the bloodstream maintained by insulin? A. osmosis B. adaptation C. metabolism D. homeostasis

Fats are specialized lipid molecules, and enzymes are specialized protein molecules. How do the functions of fats and enzymes differ? Fats are structural building materials, while enzymes are transportation molecules. Fats provide support for cells, while enzymes lower the pH of gastric fluids. Fats regulate body functions, while enzymes denature invasive bacteria. Fats are storage molecules, while enzymes are catalytic molecules.

Which best signals that equilibrium has been reached across a selectively permeable membrane? The movement of water across the membrane stops. The movement of water across the membrane is balanced. The membrane will begin to allow all substances to pass through. The movement of dissolved particles across the membrane begins.

A student noticed that placing wilted lettuce in a bowl of cool water caused the lettuce to become more crisp and firm. What is the best explanation for his observation? Water moved into the lettuce cells by active transport. Water moved out of the lettuce cells by osmosis.Water moved into the lettuce cells by osmosis. Salt moved into the lettuce cells by diffusion.

Which example is a function of the selectively permeable membrane of a cell? supporting the shape of the cell manufacturing proteins for the cell limiting chemicals that diffuse out of the cell storing waste products for the cell

Which best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems? They hold all genetic information of a cell. They are necessary to maintain skin moisture.They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.They support structures to maintain body temperature.

Estella spilled tomato sauce on her shirt. When she washed her shirt, she noticed that the detergent she used contained enzymes. Enzymes are added to detergents to break down proteins from food and other substances that may stain clothing. Which would most likely inhibit the ability of the enzymes to remove the stain on her shirt? the amount of dissolved minerals in the water the type of fibers from which her shirt was made the temperature of the water the fragrances in the detergent

In which type of cell would mitochondria be most numerous? red blood cell muscle cell nerve cell skin cell

A chemical is added to cells, stopping all the activity of ribosomes. What is the result? cellular respiration stops protein synthesis stops lipid synthesis stopstranscription stops

During which process in the mitochondria is glucose converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? photosynthesis chemosynthesis cellular digestion cellular respiration

How does the site of aerobic respiration in a cell compare with the site of anaerobic respiration? Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in the cytoplasm. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. Aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

Which process releases energy from food by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen? glycolysis fermentation photosynthesiscellular respiration

In which type of cell would you find a chloroplast? a. prokaryoteb. animalc. plantd. fungus2 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

2. At which organelle are proteins manufactured?a. mitochondrionb . nucleusc. ribosomed. vacuole2 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

3. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. Which organelles most directly provides this energy?a. vacuoles b. ribosomesc. chloroplastsd. mitochondria2 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

4. You observe a cell in a sample of heart tissue. The cell has lots of ribosomes in it. What is this cell specialized to do? A. Make proteins B. produce energyC. Make sugar D. provide structure2 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

5. One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have _________ or ___________.a nucleus, a cell wall chloroplasts, a cell wallC. cell membrane, chloroplasts D. mitochondria, a nucleus 2 X End12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

6. Which of the following organelles serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?A. Mitochondria B. chloroplastC. Plasma membrane D. nucleus2 XEnd 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

7. A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the chloroplast. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?A. osmosis B. photosynthesis C. protein synthesis D. respiration2 X End1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

8. Which organelle is the site where energy is made?1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2 X End1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

9. Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2 X End1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

10. What is the purpose of organelle 4? Make energy Control cellMake sugar Make proteins 2 XEnd 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

11. Which biological process can remove CO2 from the atmosphere and make sugars? a. cellular respirationb. metabolismc. photosynthesisd. digestion4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

12. Which organic compound must be formed from amino acids?a. sugarsb . starchcesc. fatsd. proteins4 X End 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

13. Which molecule is correctly paired with its building blocks?a. cellulose – polypeptides b. DNA – nucleotidesc. protein – monosaccharidesd. fat – disaccharides4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

14. Waxes are an example of:a. Lipidsb. Proteins c. Carbohydratesd. Nucleic Acids4 X End1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

15. Which is the primary function of carbohydrates? a. Storage of energyb. Transmission of genetic materialc. Acceleration of chemical reactionsd. Transport of molecules across membranes4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

17. The individual parts that make up the macromolecules are called:a. compounds b. polymersc. monomers d. lipic acids4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

18. Proteins are made from a chain of: a. amino acids b. fatty acids c. sugars d. starches4 X End 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

19. A single sugar molecule is also called:a. polysaccharide b. Monosaccharidec. starch d. storage4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

21. DNA is which type of biomolecule?A. Carbohydrate B. nucleic acidC. Lipid D. protein 4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

22. Glycogen is a:A. polysaccharide B. MonosaccharideC. protein D. enzyme4 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

23. Two examples of carbohydrates are:Fatty acids and glycerol B. Fats and waxesC. Sugars and starches D. Amino acids and alcohol 6 X End12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

24. Which biomolecule contains genetic information? A. Carbohydrates C. Nucleic acids B. Lipids D. Proteins6 X End 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

25. Which biomolecule makes up the plasma membrane? A. Carbohydrates B. Amino acidsC. Lipids D. Proteins 6 X End12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

33. Muscle cells must expend a lot of energy in order to move your body. Based on this information, which organelle would be more abundant in a muscle cell?A. plasma membrane C. mitochondriaB. vacuole D. chloroplast6 X End1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

35. Which characteristic of prokaryotic organisms makes them different from eukaryotes?Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus b. Prokaryotes are made of cellsc. Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes d. Prokaryotes have DNA 6 X End1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

37. By what process do molecules move to the side of the membrane with the lower concentration of molecules?osmosis active transport c. diffusion d. respiration 6 X End1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

39. Which cell process will move a substance against a concentration gradient?diffusion Passive transport osmosis active transport 6 X End12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

40. A cell is put in salt water and its size decreases. Which of the following best explain what happened? a. the cell has absorbed the salt water solutionb . the salt water solution raises the temperature of the cellc. the salt in the water has entered the celld. the water has moved out of the cell through osmosis6 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

 45. What is the function of a cell’s selectively permeable membrane? a. to regulate energy production in the cell b. to keep mitochondria from using nuclear material c. to maintain a constant lipid-protein ratio in the cell d. to control materials entering and leaving the cell 6 X End1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

48. Which of the following statements best describes enzymes?a. enzymes cannot be reused after a reactionb. enzymes are organic catalysts c. enzymes slow down chemical reactionsd. enzymes can bind to any substrate6 X End 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Which biological process can remove CO2 from the atmosphere and make sugars? a. cellular respirationb. metabolismc. photosynthesisd. digestion6 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

54. During aerobic respiration, the chemical energy of a glucose molecule is gradually released, producing 36 ATP anda. NH 3 and O2 c. H2O and O2b. NH3 and CO2 d. H2O and CO2 6 XEnd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

55. In terms of ATP production, which process results in the most total energy?aerobic respiration Fermentationanaerobic respiration all processes result in the same amount of energy6 X End12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

58. Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?a. aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respirationb. anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respirationc. only anaerobic respiration produces measurable amounts of ATPd. anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP 6 X End1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

56. Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?sugar b. carbon dioxide c. oxygen d. all of the above are products of respiration6 X End 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Whiteboard QuestionHow can excessive heat affect the function of enzymes?Heat can increase the pH of enzymes. Heat can cause enzymes to become denatured.Heat can cause enzymes to absorb carbon dioxide.Heat can produce more substrate for enzyme reactions.

Whiteboard QuestionAn enzyme works optimally at a pH between 2 and 4. Which best explains what will happen to this enzyme at a pH of 12?It will lose its original shape and work on new substrates. It will work on a different substrate than at a pH range of 2–4.It will lose its original shape and not work on any substrate at all.It will work on the same substrate as it did at a pH range of 2–4, but it will not work as well.

Whiteboard QuestionWhich characteristic would least likely be used to describe an enzyme?It speeds up a reaction It is consumed in the reactionIt reacts with a specific substrateIt reduced the activation energy of the reaction

Whiteboard QuestionWhich is a carbohydrate?AmylaseCellulose GlycerolPolypeptide

Whiteboard QuestionWhich characteristic can best distinguish between two different proteins?the presence of nitrogen in the proteins the sequence of amino acids in the proteinsthe number of amino acids found in the proteinsthe location of the peptide bonds in the proteins

Whiteboard QuestionWhich best describes the importance of carbohydrates to organisms? Carbohydrates provide storage for water molecules.Carbohydrates provide an immediate energy source.Carbohydrates provide an additional source for amino acids.Carbohydrates provide permanent storage for genetic information.

Which experiment could be conducted to determine if baked potato chips have less fat than fried potato chips?Place potato chips in water and test the pHPlace potato chips on a paper bag and test for oil spots. Mix crushed potato chips with iodine to observe color change.Mix crushed potato chips with Benedict’s solution to observe color change. End

What is the significance of nucleic acids for cells?They generate energy for the cell.They restrict what enters and leaves the cell.They support and maintain the shape of the cell. They provide all instructions for cellular activities. End

Which is the best example of a monosaccharide, or simple sugar?StarchGlucose CelluloseGlycogen End

Which best describes the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?It hydrates human body tissues.It supplies support to human body tissues. It transports oxygen to human body tissues.It increases the rate of reactions in body tissues. End

Which best describes the importance of carbohydrates to organisms?Carbohydrates provide storage for water molecules.Carbohydrates provide an immediate energy source. Carbohydrates provide an additional source for amino acids.Carbohydrates provide permanent storage for genetic information.

Which are the building blocks of most lipid molecules?glucose and proteinglucose and fatty acids fatty acids and glycerolamino acids and glycerol End

When a student drops a piece of liver into a beaker of hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen. However, if the student cooks the liver first, the reaction fails to occur. What is the best explanation for these results?Boiling the liver altered the shape of the enzyme in the liver so that it could not interact with the peroxide. Heating the liver killed the germs that caused the bubbling reaction.Lower temperatures result in a higher rate of enzyme activity.Heating the liver removed the water and oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide. End

How are the transported molecules moved in active transport?Molecules are moved through the cytoplasm.Molecules are pumped into ribosomes within the cell. Molecules are pumped against their concentration gradient using energy.Molecules are moved into the cell from areas of higher concentration without energy. End

Alpha-amylase, an enzyme present in saliva, breaks down starch. Which food does it help to digest?MilkCandySteak Potato End

Which best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?They hold all genetic information of a cell.They are necessary to maintain skin moisture. They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.They support structures to maintain body temperature. End

Thermophiles are prokaryotes that live in water that is almost boiling. How must they be different from other organisms?Their flagella beat in a fanning motion.Their genetic material is RNA instead of DNA. Their proteins do not denature at high temperatures.They are able to maintain a cooler internal temperature. End

Most human enzymes operate under an optimal pH near neutral. Which pH range would best represent this environment?4-66-8 8-1010-12 End

Many people are lactose intolerant and cannot digest dairy products. What enzyme are their bodies most likely lacking?LipaseLactase MaltaseProtease End

Many enzymes in the human body function best at 37°C. What is the most likely result of a great increase in body temperature?Enzymes become hormones.Enzymes become denatured. Enzymes become more active.Enzymes become more sluggish. End

A single cell may contain several different types of enzymes. Which must occur for an enzyme to be able to catalyze a specific reaction?An enzyme must catalyze at least two different reactions.An enzyme must attach to a substrate like a lock in a key. An enzyme must react with the substrate that has the same composition as the enzyme itself.An enzyme must react with the substrate that has the opposite composition as the enzyme itself. End