Bioremediation Bioremediation The use of biological agents such as bacteria or plants to remove or neutralize contaminants as in polluted soil or water Any processes that uses microorganisms or their enzymes to natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition ID: 920278
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Bioremediation Chapter 9 Bioremediation" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Bioremediation
Slide2Chapter 9 Bioremediation
Slide3Bioremediation
Bioremediation
The
use of biological agents, such as bacteria or plants, to remove or neutralize contaminants, as in polluted soil or water
.
Any processes that uses microorganisms or their enzymes to natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition.
Slide4..Bioremediation
Each year, industrial residues, domestic waste and agricultural run-offs contaminate water, soil and air.
The U.S. spends millions of dollars to clean contaminants, prevent further pollution, and restore the site to its natural vegetative state.
Slide5..Bioremediation
Bioremediation is used to clean up environmental hazards cause by industrial toxic waste.
N
2
N
2
N
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
Slide6…Bioremediation
The contaminants are metabolized and transformed into harmless organic and inorganic molecules:
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and salts.
Slide7Types of Bioremediation
In-Situ
&
Ex-Situ
Slide8In-Situ Bioremediation
In-situ
bioremediation- clean up of chemicals at the contaminated site
Ex-situ
bioremediation- removal of chemicals from the contaminated site to another location for
treatment
Slide9….In Situ Bioremediation
The
Exxon Valdez
oil spill
occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, on March 24, 1989.
T
he
Exxon Valdez
, an oil tanker bound for Long Beach, California, struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef and spilled 260,000 to 750,000 barrels (41,000 to 119,000 m
3) of crude oil.It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters
.
Slide10..In-Situ Bioremediation
The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), used
Pseudomonas
developed
by
Ananda
Chakrabarty
to degrade components in crude oil.
Exxon Valdez oil Spill
Slide11..In Situ Bioremediation
The
Deepwater Horizon
oil spill
( BP oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the BP oil disaster or the
Macondo
blowout), an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed for three months in 2010.
It is the
largest accidental marine oil spill
in the history of the petroleum industry.
Scientist believes that that natural bacteria will slowly degrade the toxic waste.
When the influx of oil from the Deepwater Horizon leak began, it is likely bacteria began consuming and reproducing rapidly, breaking down oil into byproducts such as carbon dioxide, water and other biomass.
Slide12…BP oil spill
Slide13..In Situ- NEWS & VIEWS
Crude Oil Spill, Bemidji, Minnesota
Exxon Oil spill, 1989
Pesticides, San Francisco, Bay Estuary
Oil release by Kuwait, 1991
Slide14Ex-Situ Bioremediation
Ex-Situ
bioremediation requires that the contaminated soil or water be physically removed before treatment
.
Slide15..Ex Situ Bioremediation
Removal of contaminants at different location taken from the contaminated site
More expensive and damaging to the area
More difficult compare to In-situ bioremediation
Examples:
Sewage
Treatment
Slide16..Ex-situ
and
In-situ
Bioremediation
of Groundwater
Slide17Phytoremediation
A new and growing type of bioremediation is
phytoremediation
.
Phytoremediation
is the
depolluting
of contaminated soil, water or air using plants.
Slide18….Phytoremediation-natures way
It is use of plants to clean up potentially damaging spills.
The plants work with soil organisms to transform contaminants, such as heavy metals and toxic organic compounds, into harmless or valuable forms.
Slide19Phytoremediation-natures way
Examples:
Cottonwood
, poplar trees and Alpine pennycress have been used extensively to leach heavy metals.
Used by:
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Department of Energy (
DoE
)
EPA
Alpine pennycress is used by the USDA to remove heavy metals such as zinc and cadmium.
Slide20…Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation’s
most publicize appearance came during the
Chernobyl nuclear waste
cleanup in the Ukraine
.
Sunflower plants were planted to remove and degrade radioactive cesium and strontium.
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jIj3ZyLIOY-pLjO7m6Z_Llr7x1nQ?docId=29c8cbbf334a420a9584c45a2f05298c
Slide21..
…
Phytoremediation
:
GM crop
Arabidopsis
thaliana
,
a plant in the mustard family, has
two
bacterial genes added to its genome in order for the plant to remove arsenic from the soil. The first gene converts the arsenic to a form the plant can suck up and the second allows the plant to detoxify heavy metals and accumulate them in its leaves
.
Slide22Microbes-natures way
Polaromonas
naphthalenivorans
, breaks down naphthalene in coal tar. Found in Upstate New York and identified by the use of DNA finger printing.
Geobacter
sulfurreducens
, part of a family of bacterium that degrade metals.
G.
sulfurreducens
degrades uranium while
G.
metallireducens degrades both uranium and plutonium.G.
metallireducens has genes that allow it to grow flagella and “sniff out” metals if none are available in its location.
Slide23…Microbes: GM
Thermus
brockianus
,
produces a protein that breaks down hydrogen
peroxide
.
This protein can be added directly to industrial waste water to treat the water before it is released
.
Hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas strains were transformed with an
E. coli pro U operon which improved the ability to grow under hyper-saline conditions allowing improved bioremediation in marine environments.
Slide24Techniques used for Bioremediation
Monitored Natural way:
use of pants & microbes)
Bioaugmentation
:
is the introduction of a group of natural microbial strains or a genetically engineered variant to treat contaminated soil or water.
Slide25..Techniques used for Bioremediation:
Biostimulation
Biostimulation
-
involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation.
This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting nutrients and electron acceptors such as phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
Slide26..Techniques used for Bioremediation
Biobarriers
:
Acid
rock drainage from hard rock mine lands is a major environmental problem that
impacts both
ground- and surface water throughout the Western US
.
N
aturally
occurring aerobic and facultative bacteria which utilize dissolved oxygen in
the infiltrating water and therefore maintain the reducing conditions which are necessary for pyrite (an iron sulfide) and
other metal sulfides to remain bound in mineral form in water.
Slide27..Techniques used for Bioremediation
Mycoremediation
:
Fungal Remediation
Slide28References
William J., and Michael A.
Pallandino
.
Introduction to Biotechnology
. San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc., 20007
“
Biobarriers and Bioremediation Collection.”
Montana State University Center for Biofilm Engineering.
9 Apr. 2009, <http://www.erc.montana.edu/Res-Lib99-SW/Image_Library/Bioremediation/default.htm>
“Bioremediation of metals and radionuclides.” 2
nd Ed. Berkley Lab. 11 Apr. 2009. <http://esd.lbl.gov/research/projects/ersp/generalinfo/primers_guides/03_NABIR_primer.pdf>“Recent Developments for In Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils.”
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 9 Apr. 2009. <http://www.epa.gov/swertio1/download/remed/metals2.pdf>“Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide.” Ver. 4.0. Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable. 9 Apr. 2009 <http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/top_page.html>Singh, Harbhajan. Mycoremediation: Fungal Bioremediation. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006
“Wet Soil Mixing.” Keller Ground Engineering. 10 Apr. 2009. <http://www.keller-ge.co.uk/engineering/products/product-details/WetSoilMixing.html?ContentID=8>
Slide29“
Phytoremediation
: Using Plants To Clean Up Soils.” June 2000.
United States Department of Agriculture
. 18 Oct. 2007.
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jun00/soil0600.htm
“Sewage Treatment.”
Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia
. 19 Oct. 2007.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
Kris
Traver, Niana Islam And Edwin Estime 2007 Biotech group for power point creativity editing.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “Emergency Preparedness and Response: Bioterrorism” <http://www.bt.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/overview.asp>2007http://www.hindustantimes.com/Small-wonders/Article1-623814.aspx
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1945110/the_murky_picture_beneath_the_surface/
Slide30..Relax
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bju4C5GxeQs&feature=related