Female seahorses produce eggs that are then fertilized by the male Unlike with almost all other animals the young then develop in a pouch of the male seahorse until birth Credit cliff1066 ID: 914368
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Concepts of Biology: Animal Reproduction..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Concepts of Biology:
Animal Reproduction and Development
Slide2Female seahorses produce eggs that are then fertilized by the male. Unlike with
almost all
other animals, the young then develop in a pouch of the male seahorse until birth
. (Credit:
“
cliff1066
”
/
Flickr
)
Slide3The
Anthopleura
artemisia
sea anemone can reproduce through fission.
Slide4Hydra
reproduce asexually through budding: a bud forms on the tubular body of
an adult
hydra, develops a mouth and tentacles, and then detaches from its parent. The new hydra
is fully
developed and will find its
own location
for
attachment.
Some
coral, such as the
Lophelia
pertusa
shown here, can reproduce through budding.
(Credit
b: modification of work by Ed Bowlby
, NOAA
/Olympic Coast NMS; NOAA/OAR/Office of Ocean Exploration)
Slide5CONCEPT IN ACTION
View this
video
to see a hydra budding
.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfbhwq95Duc&feature=
youtube
(a)
Linckia
multifora
is a species of sea star that can reproduce asexually
via fragmentation
. In this process,
(b)
an arm that has been shed grows into a new
sea star
.
(Credit a:
modifiction
of work by Dwayne Meadows, NOAA/NMFS/OPR)
Slide7Many
(a)
snails are hermaphrodites. When two individuals
(b)
mate, they can
produce up
to 100 eggs each.
(Credit
a: modification of work by
Assaf
Shtilman
; credit b: modification of
work
by
“
Schristia
”
/
Flickr
)
Slide8During sexual reproduction in toads, the male grasps the female from behind
and externally
fertilizes the eggs as they are deposited.
(Credit
: Bernie Kohl)
Slide9In
(a)
oviparity, young develop in eggs outside the female body, as with these
Harmonia
axydridis
beetles hatching. Some aquatic animals
, like
this
(b)
pregnant
Xiphophorus
maculatus
are
ovoviparous
, with the egg developing inside the female and nutrition supplied primarily from
the yolk
. In mammals, nutrition is supported by the placenta, as was the case with this
(c)
newborn squirrel
.
(Credit
b: modification of work by Gourami Watcher; credit c: modification of work
by
“
audreyjm529
”
/
Flickr)
Slide10Fertilization is the process in which sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote.
(Credit:
scalebar
data
from Matt Russell)
Slide11During
cleavage, the zygote rapidly divides into multiple cells
.
The cells rearrange themselves
to form a hollow ball called the blastula.
(Credit
a: modification
of work
by
Gray
’
s Anatomy
; credit b: modification of work by Pearson Scott
Foresman
; donated
to the
Wikimedia Foundation
)
Slide12CONCEPT IN ACTION
Visit the
Virtual Human Embryo project
at the Endowment for Human Development site to click through an
interactive video
of the stages of embryo development, including micrographs and rotating 3-D images
.
http://www.ehd.org/virtual-human-embryo
/
Gastrulation is the process wherein the cells in the blastula rearrange themselves
to form
the germ layers.
(Credit
: modification of work by Abigail
Pyne
)
Slide14As seen in this scanning electron micrograph, human sperm has a flagellum, neck
, and
head.
(Credit
: scale-bar data from Matt Russell)
Slide15The reproductive structures of the human
male
Slide16The reproductive structures of the human female
(Credit
a: modification
of work
by
Gray
’
s
Anatomy; credit b: modification of work by CDC)
Slide17During spermatogenesis, four sperm result from each primary spermatocyte. The process also maps onto the physical structure of the wall of the seminiferous tubule, with the spermatogonia on the outer side of the tubule, and the sperm with their developing tails extended into the lumen of the tubule.
Slide18CONCEPT IN ACTION
Visit
this site
to see the process of spermatogenesis
.
http://www.dnatube.com/video/2086/Animation-on-Spermatogenesis-by-
NurseReview
The process of oogenesis occurs in the ovary’s outermost layer.
Slide20Hormones control sperm production in a negative feedback system.
Slide21The ovarian and menstrual cycles
of female
reproduction are regulated
by hormones
produced by
the hypothalamus
, pituitary, and ovaries.
Slide22Fetal
development is shown at nine weeks
gestation.
This
fetus is just
entering the
second trimester, when the placenta takes over more of the functions performed as the
baby develops.
There
is rapid fetal growth during the third trimester.
(Credit
a: modification of work
by Ed
Uthman
; credit b: modification of work by National Museum of Health and Medicine; credit
c: modification
of work by
Gray
’
s
Anatomy)
Slide23CONCEPT IN ACTION
Visit
this website
to see the stages of human fetal development
.
http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000056&ptid=
17
LTS Activity
http://outreach.letstalkscience.ca/component/zoo/item/diy-activities-3.
html