SM The Legacy Center for Community Success Child Abuse Council Spring Conference North Central Michigan College Petoskey Michigan April 25 2014 Advancing Youth Futures Advancing Youth Futures AYF began in Midland County with request by Probate Court Judge Juvenile Court Dorene Allen ID: 559591
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Slide1
Advancing Youth FuturesSM
© The Legacy Center for Community Success
Child Abuse Council Spring Conference
North Central Michigan College
Petoskey, Michigan
April 25, 2014Slide2
Advancing Youth Futures
Advancing Youth Futures (AYF) began in Midland County with request by Probate Court Judge (Juvenile Court) Dorene Allen to “get inside the heads of my court wards and find out what makes them tick!”AYF program developed and implemented that in the past 5 years has
Reduced delinquency >50%
Reduced re-offense rate by >70%
Reduced offenses by younger siblings from >40% to <5%Saved $3 millionImproved multiple adolescent health outcomes
2Slide3
Advancing Youth Futures
What is Advancing Youth Futures (AYF)?
Comprehensive, integrated, and systemic approach to reducing adolescent youths’ risk-taking behaviors to improve delinquent and health-related outcomes
AYF Components
Base line assessment of Developmental Assets and Risk-Taking Behaviors
Regression analysis to determine most impactful elements
Enhancements/development of youth-oriented programs
Program evaluations and adjustmentsEvaluation of delinquent and health-related outcomesFollow-up assessment of Developmental Assets and Risk-Taking Behaviors
3Slide4
Advancing Youth Futures
What are Developmental Assets?
Model originated by Search Institute
Based on 40 positive character traits or attributes that youth should possess
20 External Assets—Relationships and opportunities that young people experience in their families, schools
and
communities
20 Internal Assets—Competencies and values that youth develop internally to guide behaviors and choices4Slide5
Advancing Youth Futures
What is the base line assessment of Developmental Assets and Risk-Taking Behaviors?
160
question survey
Measures:
40 Developmental
Assets
24 Risk-Taking Behaviors5 Deficits8 Thriving Behaviors10 High-Risk BehaviorsProvides evidence-based research on adolescent development and comprehensive profiles of youth5Slide6
Advancing Youth Futures
2 Studies in Midland County (2006 and 2011)
Demographics
of 2011 Study
Participants (Midland County Public School 6th
-12
th
Graders )3,007 Girls3,028 Boys 6,035 Total (86% participation) [vs. ~81% in 2006]68 of 6,103 (1.1%) Surveys discarded for irregularities Inconsistent responsesGuessingIncomplete responses3-7% discarded nationallyEstimated error < ±1%6Slide7
Advancing Youth Futures
Alcohol
Use
Binge Drinking
Marijuana Use
Smokeless Tobacco Use
Illegal Drug Use
Driving While DrinkingSexual IntercourseVandalismInhalant UseSmokingShoplifting
Using a Weapon
Eating
Disorders
Skipping School
Gambling
Depression
Getting into Trouble
Hitting Another Person
Hurting Another Person
Fighting in Groups
Carrying a Weapon for Protection
Threatening to Cause Physical Harm
Attempting Suicide
Riding with an Impaired Driver
24 Risk-Taking Behaviors Evaluated
7Slide8
2006
Results
2011
Results
More Developmental Assets Results in Fewer Risk-Taking Behaviors
8Slide9
Advancing Youth Futures
Education about negative consequences of Risk-Taking behaviors is the standard approach but is mostly ineffective
Gain from the Risk-Taking behavior is immediate
Negative consequences are deferred and only probable or even likely, but never certain
Developmental Assets analogous to vaccinations
More Developmental Assets; Fewer Risk-Taking behaviors
There is a likely hierarchy of Developmental Assets
Certain ones mitigate specific Risk-Taking Behaviors
Analogous to specific vaccines utilized for specific diseases
9Slide10
Advancing Youth Futures
How do we determine which Developmental Assets are most important for programs to emphasize? Regression analysis allows us to see which of the 40 Developmental Assets have the greatest impact on a specific risk behavior
The results vary somewhat for each risk behavior
but with consistent findings
“Top tier” Developmental Assets that affect all risk-taking behaviors
“Second tier” Developmental Assets specific to certain individual risk-taking behaviors
10Slide11
11Slide12
Advancing Youth Futures
Assets grow from birth through 6
th
grade owing to positive influence of “institutions”
Assets decline from 6
th
-12
th grade owing to influence of “peers”Consequence of normal maturationAdolescents tend to push back/resist guidance of “institutions”Adolescents more accepting of advice of “peers”
12Slide13
Regression Analysis Results
Top Tier Assets
Positive Peers
Restraint
Resistance SkillsAdult Role Models
Risk-Taking Behaviors
Alcohol
TobaccoMarijuanaIllicit DrugsDrinking and Driving/RidingSexAntisocial BehaviorViolenceGambling13Slide14
Regression Analysis Results
Second Tier Assets
Adult Role Models
School Engagement
Bonding to SchoolTime at HomeAchievement Motivation
Honesty
Risk-Taking Behaviors
AlcoholTobaccoMarijuanaIllicit DrugsDrinking and Driving/RidingSexAntisocial BehaviorViolenceGambling14Slide15
Regression Analysis Results
Top Tier Assets
Self-esteem
Sense of Purpose
Positive Peers
Risk-Taking Behaviors
Depression
Suicidal BehaviorEating Disorder15Slide16
Regression Analysis Results
Second Tier Assets
Personal Power
Family Support
Community Values YouthSafetyYouth as Resources
Positive View of Personal Future
Risk-Taking Behavior
DepressionSuicidal Behavior16Slide17
Advancing Youth Futures
Regression Analysis indicates that the most impactful Developmental Assets overall are
Positive Peers
Restraint (Risk avoidance)
Resistance (Refusing to participate when offered)
Adult Role Models
Developmental Assets that most directly affect Positive Peers are
Creative ActivitiesOrganized Youth ActivitiesFaith-Based Activities17Slide18
Common Characteristics of Creative, Youth and Faith-Based Activities
Increase probability of association with other wholesome youthExpend time and energy
Include imposed structure or rules
Associated with adult role models
Provide opportunity for adult role models to “coach”—i.e., give advice that is more likely to be heeded
Advancing Youth Futures
18Slide19
Recent
research findings about teens (Laurence Steinberg, Distinguished University Professor and Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology, Temple University)
Teens value rewards much more than concerns about negative consequences
They are significantly more apt to take risks
The influence of friends profoundly affects their behavioral choices
“Think of it as an equation where consequences aren’t given the weight they should be. And when teens are around friends, that throws off the equation even more.”
--Laurence Steinberg, National Geographic, October 2011
Advancing Youth Futures19Slide20
Laurence Steinberg, Temple University (2011
)
Higher
Risk
Preference
Lower
Risk
Preference
20Slide21
Advancing Youth Futures
2011 Findings vs. 2006
Significant improvement overall in Developmental Assets compared to 2006 (+15% Average Increase)
32 Increased
2 Remained the same
6 Decreased
Significant reduction overall in Risk-Taking Behaviors
Developmental Asset-building programs appear to be gaining tractionDevelopmental Assets “immunizing” youth against Risk-Taking Behaviors
Significant improvement in Key Developmental AssetsPositive Peers [7176%]
Resistance [46
51%]
Restraint [52
56%]
Adult Role Models [31
33%]
21Slide22
Advancing Youth Futures
2011 Findings vs. 2006
Significant improvement in School- and Family-Related Developmental Assets
School-Related
Caring School Climate [36
38%]
School Boundaries [5256%]Bonding to School [65
70%]Homework [5154%]
Family-Related
Parent Involvement in Schools [33
36%]
Family Boundaries [49
50%]
Time at Home [61
63%]
Family Support [69
71%]22Slide23
Advancing Youth Futures
2011 Findings vs. 2006
Significant reduction in Substance Abusive Risk-Taking Behaviors
Alcohol
Drunk in past 2 weeks [16
11%]
Used in past 30 days [2618%]
Drove after drinking [96%]
Rode with drinking driver [3126%]MarijuanaUsed in past 12 months [1816%]
Tobacco
Smoked in past 30 days [13
10%]
Other Illicit Drugs (Cocaine, Heroin, Amphetamines, LSD and PCP)
Used once in past 12 months [86%]
23Slide24
Advancing Youth Futures
2011 Findings vs. 2006
Significant reduction in Anti-Social Risk-Taking Behaviors
Hit someone [3225%]
In group fight [1813%]
In trouble with police [1614%]
Vandalism [1511%]
Shoplifted [1712%]
Attempted Suicide [1411%]Depressed [1514%]
Eating Disorders [1412%]
Gambled [2819%]
Truant [2221%]
Threatened to harm others [2723%]
24Slide25
Advancing Youth Futures
Developmental Assets approach applied to reducing delinquent behavior in Midland County by Judge Dorene Allen
Adopted evidence-based Developmental Asset-building programs among Midland County Court Wards
Significant collaboration among community youth-serving agencies in providing Developmental Asset-building programs
25Slide26
Advancing Youth Futures
Foundations/United Way/Civic Clubs
Midland County Schools (all districts)
City and County Governments
Juvenile Care Center
Community Mental Health for Central Michigan
Greater Midland Community Centers (all locations)
West Midland Family CenterCreative 360ROCK Youth Center
Shelterhouse
Big Brothers/Big Sisters
Library
Midland Center for the Arts
Family & Children’s Services
Midland Area Partnership for Drug Free Youth
Boy/Girl Scouts
4-H
Faith-based Community
Private Providers
Others
Strong Collaboration among Midland County
youth-serving funders and organizations
26Slide27
Advancing Youth Futures
Extending concept by applying it to improve youth health outcomes
Address social determinants of Risk-Taking behaviors
Focus on Prevention versus Treatment
Initial results are most encouraging
Reductions in
Alcohol and drug influenced car crashesTeen pregnancy and STD ratesHospital admissions for depression, eating disorders and suicide attempts
27Slide28
Midland County Youth
Master
Plan
Physical Health
Social,
Emotional
& Spiritual Health
Education
Basic Needs
& Safety
Enhance
parenting
education
Inform and
engage
the community
Increase
access
to youth programs and services
Increase
collaboration
and community partnerships
Build
Developmental Assets
in our youth
GOALS
28
THE BIG PICTURESlide29
Advancing Youth Futures
Points to remember
More Developmental Assets = Fewer Risk-Taking Behavior
On average, Developmental Assets decline in adolescence
Certain Developmental Assets affect Risk-Taking Behaviors more than others
Youth-serving programs positively influence the level of Developmental Assets
Participation in the Advancing Youth Futures system will improve adolescent outcomes within the community
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Advancing Youth Futures
How do you strengthen Developmental Assets for all young people?
All young people need Developmental Assets
Everyone can build Developmental Assets
Building Developmental Assets is an ongoing process
Relationships are crucial
Send consistent messages
Repeat the message – again and again30Slide31
Conduct Regression Analysis
Conduct Developmental Assets Survey
Enhance/
Develop Youth-Serving Programs
Evaluate/Adjust Programs
(Developmental Assets Profile)
Track and Evaluate Youth Outcomes
Advancing Youth
Futures
System
Summary
~ 5 Years
31Slide32
Advancing Youth Futures
Recommendations for consideration
Complete Developmental Assets survey among 6
th
-12
th
graders
Complete regression analysis to determine most impactful Developmental AssetsConsult on/evaluate programmatic improvements that promote desired Developmental AssetsTrack adolescent behavioral progressRepeat survey in ~5 years
32Slide33
What questions may I address?
Advancing Youth Futures
For further information, contact
Richard Dolinski
The Legacy Center for Community Success
3200 James Savage Road
Midland, MI 48642
Tel. 989.496.1425E-mail: rdolinski@tlc4cs.org33Slide34
2011 Results
2006 Results
Developmental
Assets
34Slide35
2011 Results
2006 Resu
lts
35