OPTIMIZING DEFOAMER USAGE IN DRILLING amp CEMENTING APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY REVIEW amp TESTING METHODOLOGIES Luciana Bava Amir Mahmoudkhani Robert Wilson Leanne Levy Patricia De Palma and Henry Masias ID: 235839
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Slide1
Buenos Aires, 7 al 10 de agosto de 2012
OPTIMIZING DEFOAMER USAGE IN DRILLING & CEMENTING APPLICATIONS:
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW & TESTING METHODOLOGIES
Luciana Bava, Amir Mahmoudkhani, Robert Wilson, Leanne Levy, Patricia De Palma and Henry MasiasAtlanta R&D Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USASlide2
Foam is a colloidal dispersion of gas in a liquid or a solid.Pure liquids do not foamTap
water, in spite of being aerated, does not foamBubbles collapse immediately on the surfaceTo generate foam, it is necessary to have a surface active component that stabilize the inclusion of dissolved and entrained gasses.
2
Foam GenerationSlide3
Examples of foaming/defoaming systems in upstream Oil & Gas industry under dynamic fluid conditions
Foaming/Defoaming SystemsSlide4
Cement
Well CompletionSlide5
Most common additives used to modify the behavior of drilling and cement systems are surface active molecules that cause the working fluid to foam during mixingSuch additives include:Cement: retarders, dispersants, fluid loss control additives, gas migration control agents and ductility improvement additives. Water base drilling muds: salinity chemicals, dispersants, lost circulation materials and gelling agents and
viscosifiers
Drilling and Cementing Additives
Cement G + Gas Migration Additive
Blend, 1800
i
kg
/m
3
- without
defoamer
(left), with
defoamer
(right) Slide6
Excessive slurry foaming can have several undesirable consequences: Loss of hydraulic pressure during pumping can occur owing to cavitation in the mixing systemAir entrainment may cause higher than desired slurry densitiesAir entrainment also increases the risk of gas permeability and of
improper wetting and mixingLiquid or Dry Defoamers are used
Foam in Drilling and Cementing OperationsSlide7
Recirculating Centrifugal Pumps
(max 4000 L /min)Slurry Tubs: 1000 – 8000 L
Well Cementing – Cement MixingSlide8
Well Cementing – Cement Mixing
Liquid
Defoamers
Dry Defoamers
Foam GenerationSlide9
Performance Evaluation MethodsSlide10
A
B
Time
Sparge
Foam Test
Blender Foam Test
Simple & inexpensive
Good for initial screening
Measurements based on foam height
May not accurately represent system under study (
A
vs.
B
)
Single point data
Single shear rates and fix mixing time
Difficulty in replicating field conditions
Non-Systematic Testing Methods
Foam HeightSlide11
Modified Blender
Test
Mahmoudkhani et al.,
“
An Innovative Approach for Laboratory Evaluation of
Defoamers
for Oilfield Cementing Applications
”, SPE 143825,
Brasil
Offshore Conference and
Exhibition,
Brazil,
June 2011Slide12
P
DFM
Variable Rate
Pump
Density & Flow Meter
Temp
Controller
Foam
Cell
Data Recording
Drain
Ancillary
Gas
12
Foam and Entrained Air Test (FEAT)Slide13
Data collected every 0.5 second
At precision of 0.00005 g/mLFluid composition may be altered by addition of chemical components at any point during the test
Foam and Entrained Air Test (FEAT)Slide14
Defoamer performance
FEAT Study
Blender Test
This comprehensive study approach (FEAT + Blender) is needed for proper laboratory validation and qualification under simulated field conditions (accounting for different dosage practices, additives, mixing regimes, etc.) Slide15
Performance Evaluation:Defoamer Chemistry & Cement AdditivesSlide16
Dispersant-Salt System
FEAT analysis of silicone and non-silicone chemistries on 4% sodium polynaphthalenesulfonate + 30% salt solution.Slide17
Dispersant-Salt System
Blender foam test data in the dispersant-salt system, 4% sodium
polynaphthalenesulfonate
+ 30% salt solution. All
defoamers
are dosed at 0.20% BWOC
(by weight of cement)Slide18
Latex System
FEAT analysis of silicone and non-silicone chemistries on latex solution.
Silicone A
Blank
Non-Silicone DSlide19
Latex System
Blender foam test data in latex system. All defoamers are dosed at 0.20% BWOC
(by weight of cement)Slide20
PVA (fluid loss additive) System
Blender foam test data in latex system. All defoamers are dosed at 0.20% BWOC (by weight of cement)Slide21
Dry vs. Liquid Defoamers
Liquid
Defoamers
Dry Defoamers
Dry Defoamers are prefer for better stability, ease of handling and storage
Dry Defoamers are suitable for harsh climate areas
Cannot be used as trimmer, a second (and liquid) defoamer is requiredSlide22
Improved / Fast Release Dry Defoamers
Conventional Dry
Defoamers (
silica)
Improved / Fast Release Dry Defoamers
High Surface Area Solids
Adsorption
Release
High adsorption
Slow / incomplete release
Substrate
DefoamerSlide23
Fast Release vs. Conventional Dry Defoamers
Fast Release Dry Defoamers:
Outperform conventional Dry Defoamers with a performance level comparable to Liquid Defoamers
Reach maximum performance at lower dosages
FR Dry: fast release dry defoamer
Dry: conventional dry defoamers
Liq: liquid defoamerSlide24
Summary 1: Foam Generation and TestingSlide25
Summary 2: Choice of
Defoaming
ChemistrySlide26
Summary 3:
Form of
Defoamer
(Liquid, Conventional Dry or Fast Release)Slide27
Thank
you
luciana.bava@kemira.com patricia.depalma@kemira.com