Lesson XXXIII - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Lesson XXXIII

Perfect Passive Participles

Passive Voice: Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect TensesSlide2

Perfect Participles

A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that’s used as an adjective. The past participle in English usually ends

in

–

ed

:

e.g.: carried, beloved

With other verbs, it is irregular:

e.g.: shown, eaten, seen, heard.

The baby, CARRIED by its mother, stopped crying.

The sheets, EATEN by moths, were no longer useful.

SEEN cheating by her boyfriend, the girl decided now was as good a time as any to break up.Slide3

Perfect Participles

In Latin, the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE is the 4

th

PRINCIPAL PART of the verb. It generally ends in –

tus

or –

sus

:

Porto,

portare

,

portavi

, PORTATUS

PORTATUS: “Having been carried” or just “carried”

Mitto

,

mittere

,

misi

, MISSUS

MISSUS: “sent” or “having been sent”

These words decline in 1

st

/2

nd

declensions just like any other –us, -a, -um adjective. Only the –us ending is listed in your vocabulary.Slide4

Participles

Examples:

Cibus

propositus

:

“the offered food”

Litterae

missae

:

“the sent letter”Slide5

Forming perfect passive tenses

Now that you’ve learned participles, it’s time to put them to good use!

The perfect passive participle (part 4 of the verb’s principal parts) is used to make PASSIVE VOICE of the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses.

Remember that the participle is an adjective, so we’re going to have to tweak its ending a little bit as we conjugate from singular to plural and from gender to gender.

Perfect passive tenses are unique in that they use 2 words: a participle and a form of sum.Slide6

Perfect Passive Tense

Take the perfect passive participle of a verb.

Add the present tense of “sum” as a helping verb.

Yes, you’re using the PRESENT tense of sum to form a PAST tense verb.

Be careful not to translate “sum” as present tense when it’s partnered up with a participle. You’ll see why on the next page….Slide7

Singular

Plural

1

st

person

Amatus

sum

I was, have been loved

Amati

sumus

We were, have been loved

2

nd

person

Amatus

es

You were, have been loved

Amati

estis

Y’all were, have been loved

3

rd

person

*Note that sum is NOT translated “I am”. This is a PAST tense, so the regular meanings of “sum” are thrown out the window…for this chart.

Amatus

est

He was, has been loved

NOT “she” or “it”: that would be

amatA

or

amatUM

, respectively

Amati

sunt

They were, have been loved

Note that we changed –us to the nominative plural –

i

. Had we been working with

amata

, the plural would be

amatae

.

Amatum

would change to

amata

.Slide8

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead

Singular Plural

1

st

ductus

ducti

2

nd

ductus

ducti

3

rd

ductus

ducti

sum

es

est

sumus

estis

suntSlide9

Singular

Plural

1

st

person

Amatus

eram

I had been loved

Amati

eramus

We had been loved

2

nd

person

Amatus

eras

You had been loved

Amati

eratis

Y’all had been loved

3

rd personAmatus eratHe had been lovedAmati erantThey had been loved

Pluperfect Passive: The Same Pattern!

Just use “

eram

” as your helping verb.

amo

,

amare

,

amavi

,

amatus

: loveSlide10

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead

Singular Plural

1

st

ductus

ducti

2

nd

ductus

ducti

3

rd

ductus

ducti

eram

eras

erat

eramus

eratiserantSlide11

Singular

Plural

1

st

person

Amatus

ero

I will have been loved

Amati

erimus

We will have been loved

2

nd

person

Amatus

eris

You will have been loved

Amati

eritis

Y’all will have been loved

3

rd personAmatus eritHe will have been lovedAmati eruntThey will have been loved

Future Perfect Passive: The Same Pattern

AGAIN!

Just use “

ero

” as your helping verb (future of sum)

amo

,

amare

,

amavi

,

amatus

: loveSlide12

duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead

Singular Plural

1

st

ductus

ducti

2

nd

ductus

ducti

3

rd

ductus

ducti

ero

eris

erit

erimus

eritis

eruntSlide13

Ready to practice?



But first….Slide14

beneficium

,

benefici

(n.)

kindness, benefit

Slide15

exemplum,

exempli (n.)

example

exemplify, sample, exemplarySlide16

egregius

,

egregia

egregium

:

distinguished,

excellent

egregiousSlide17

propono

,

proponere

,

proposui

,

propositus

:

put forward, offerSlide18

suscipio

,

suscipere

,

suscepi

,

susceptus

:

undertake, take up, startSlide19

per (+ acc.):

through

perforate, permit, percolateSlide20

sub:

under, close up to

+ acc.: verbs of motion

+ abl.: verbs of rest

suspicion, submarineSlide21

Workbook page 121

(watch out for genders and plurals!)

missa

est

a. He will be sent

missa

erunt

b. it will have been sent

3.

missum

est

c. They had been sent

mittetur

d. She has been sentmissae sunt e. They were being sent

mittebantur f. They will have been sentmissus est g. They are sentmittuntur

h. They have been sentmissi erant i. It was sent

missum erit j. He has been sentSlide22

Ready to practice more?



But once again….Slide23

beneficium

,

benefici

(n.)

kindness, benefit

Slide24

exemplum,

exempli (n.)

example

exemplify, sample, exemplarySlide25

egregius

,

egregia

egregium

:

distinguished,

excellent

egregiousSlide26

propono

,

proponere

,

proposui

,

propositus

:

put forward, offerSlide27

suscipio

,

suscipere

,

suscepi

,

susceptus

:

undertake, take up, startSlide28

per (+ acc.):

through

perforate, permit, percolateSlide29

sub:

under, close up to

+ acc.: verbs of motion

+ abl.: verbs of rest

suspicion, submarineSlide30

Workbook page 121 Exercise “E”

Translate the 5 sentences in exercise “E” about pirates in the Roman world.

Arrrrrgh

!

Pay special attention to the passive voice verbs, especially your new perfect/pluperfect/future perfect passive tenses. (Whew! That’s

a mouthful…!)