Body Art - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Body ArtSlide2

Why is this information important?

A recent study showed 51% of undergraduate college students have something pierced besides their ears.

A 1999 study found only 6 of 28 emergency physicians were able to describe proper removal techniques.

Body art in the form of tattoos and piercing have become main stream to our culture for all age groups.

DeBoer, S., Amundson, T., & Angel, E. (2006). Managing body jewelery in emergency situations: Misconceptions, patient care, and removal techniques.

Journal of Emergency Nursing

, 159-164.Slide3

Patients seek our help as healthcare providers and expect us to be knowledgeable.Many nurses who wouldn’t think of judging a patient based on race or religion feel differently when it comes to judging patients who display some types of body art

In order to provide quality patient care we need to have a working knowledge of body artSlide4

history

Since the beginning of human history, people have embellished their bodies for many reasons

There is no known culture in which people do not paint, pierce, tattoo, reshape, or simply adorn their bodies

Body Art: Marks of identity

. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2008, from American museum of natural history: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/bodyart/Slide5

Whether with permanent marks like tattoos or scars, or temporary decorations like makeup, clothing, and hairstyles, body art is a way of signaling an individual's place in society, marking a special moment, celebrating a transition in life or simply following a fashion

Body modification ancient and modern

. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2008, from University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology : http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/online_exhibits/body_modification/bodmodintro.shtmlSlide6

Body art in all cultures changes. It is an ideal canvas for individual creativity and self-reinvention. It can also be a way for people to challenge social values and cultural assumptions about beauty, identity, and the body itself. Slide7

Self-love, self-hate, considered a true art.Many people get pierced to be in style, and others to flaunt tradition or assert their individuality.Many adolescents report getting pierced because they want to look cool or different, and some say they do it to emulate their favorite pierced celebrities.Slide8

Types:

Body Painting

Body Shaping

Henna

Scarification

Tattooing

PiercingSlide9

History of body painting

People of ancient civilizations used natural plant dyes for body painting. The Celts used “Woad” a plant similar to indigo as body paint as depicted in the movie Braveheart featuring Mel Gibson.Slide10

History of body painting

Mel Gibson as William Wallace in the movie

BraveheartSlide11

Body Painting Today

How many of you put on make-up this morning?

Online advertisement for SephoraSlide12

Paint your face for the buckeyes!!Slide13

Body Shaping Slide14

Foot binding

The practice of foot binding began in the Sung dynasty (960-976 BC), reportedly to imitate an imperial concubine who was required to dance with her feet bound. By the 12th century, the practice was widespread and more severe--girls' feet were bound so tightly and early in life that they had difficulty walking. The tiny “lotus” feet were a sign of wealth and chastity.Slide15

Foot-Binding Custom has caused severe life-long disability for many millions of elderly women, even in today's China. Slide16

Head flattening, also called head binding, head shaping or head moulding was common practice in many tribal cultures in North America, Australia and Africa.

A person with a finely elongated head was considered to be more intelligent, of higher status, and closer to the world of the spirits.Slide17

Head shaping

Painting by

Paul Kane

Slide18

Waist training

Victorian Era corsets were laced tightly for “waist training”. A small waist was highly desirable. A tightly laced corset was known to cause breathing difficulties, even to the point of swooning. Police constables would carry salts made from a strong ammonia solution, in a whistle-sized container, to wake them up. Slide19

Victorian corsets/Waist trainingSlide20

Body shaping today

Online advertisement for Lipfusion-lip plumperSlide21

Henna

Used for personal adornment, especially for special occasions like weddings

.Slide22

Scarification

Scarification, the act of creating designs out of scar tissue by cutting the skin or branding it with heated metal.

Branding- uses heated metal or cautery pen

Can also carve the skin with a scalpelSlide23

Tattoos

Tattoos traced back over 5000 years ago

Sailors and fisherman were the first to popularize tattoos to the Western world

Brought back from the South Pacific in the 1700’sSlide24

To mark a special occasion or as right of passageA source of power in a difficult situation; death of a loved one, a break-up or overcoming a disease

Many women find the experience an "important step in reclaiming their bodies”

Some reasons people choose tattoos:Slide25

How are tattoos done

Ink is pushed down into the dermis layer of the

skin with a needle

that punctures up 3

thousand times per

minute.Slide26

REACTIONS to tattoo pigments

Allergic reactions are more common in

red

and

yellow

pigments

Some of the

purples

/

magentas

are photo-reactive and lose their color with prolonged exposure to light

The plastic-based pigments produce

intense colors

but have a higher rate of reported reactions

Pigments that

glow in the dark

or in response to black (ultraviolet) light are notoriously risky for toxicitySlide27

Carrier

Safe

commonly used carriers

Unsafe

commonly used carriers

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)- Vodka

Denatured alcohol-can burn the skin

Purified water

Other alcohols-isopropyl,

rubbing alcohol, methanol-toxic

Witch hazel

Ethylene glycol

(antifreeze)-toxic

Listerine

Aldehydes

such as formaldehyde and

gluteraldehyde

(highly toxic)

Propylene glycol

Various surfactants

Glycerine

(glycerol)

Various detergentsSlide28

Infections and tattoos

Lax sterilization procedures can lead to cross contamination and infection

Possible pathogens include staph aureus- MRSA

Hepatitis BHepatitis C-(it is estimated that 70% of carriers do not know they are infected)Tuberculosis, syphilis, and HIVSlide29

Blood donation

Must wait 12 months after a tattoo before you are eligible to donate blood.Slide30

Current Ohio law for tattoo & piercing

Must apply for an operating permit and pay a fee

Must pass a health department inspection prior to opening

Parents must accompany a minor and sign a consentAssure the individuals at adequately trainedComply with safety and sanitation requirementsSlide31

Tattoos and Pregnancy

Most tattoo artists will not tattoo a woman who is pregnant.

Fear of rejection if an infection develops.

Suggest waiting eighteen months after childbirth to get a tattoo.

(

www.midwiferytoday.com

)Slide32

Tattoos and Breastfeeding

Local and systemic infections are at an increased risk.

Human milk banks will not accept donations from a woman who has had a tattoo within the last twelve months.

Allergic reactions from the ink.

Overall, there is no evidence to imply that tattoos would alter the woman’s milk or ability to breastfeed

.

(La Leche League, 2008)Slide33

Some new trends in tattoosSlide34

Tattoos as a post-mastectomy optionSlide35

Piercing

Navel

Nipples

Genitals

Ears

Nose, septum, bridge

Oral, tongue, tongue web, lip web

Labret, lips, chin, Monroe

SurfaceSlide36

Body Piercing in Pregnancy

Association of Professional Piercers (AAP) have developed position statements.

Piercing not recommended in pregnancy due to the risk of infection.

Three areas of concern during pregnancy and postpartum- navel, genitals, and nipples.(

www.midwiferytoday.com

)Slide37

Number one site for infection and poor healing……..

Think about it…

It’s warm, It’s moist, It’s dark and it even collects lint.

This site receives a lot of friction and is not highly vascular……….Slide38

NavelSlide39

Navel Piercings

Advised to wait until after pregnancy or wait one year after piercing to get pregnant.

Jewelry can migrate to the skin surface, especially with a pregnancy, causing scarring.

Options include leaving piercing in or removing during pregnancy.

If piercing becomes uncomfortable can replace with a piece of flexible plastic, called Tygon.

(

www.midwiferytoday.com

)Slide40

The famous nipple

Can You Guess Who????Slide41

http://www.janetjacksonflash.com/Slide42

Nipples

Barbells

Nipple ringsSlide43

What about breastfeeding?Slide44

Nipple Piercings

Piercings take two to four months to heal completely.

There is no evidence that suggests difficulty with a woman’s ability to breastfeed after having a nipple piercing.

The APP and La Leche League recommend removing the piercing before breastfeeding for obvious choking risks.

(www.midwiferytoday.com)Slide45

This type of piercing has a high infection rate. Any woman wishing to have a nipple piercing should wait at least three months after discontinuing breastfeeding.These sites may leak milk and women are encouraged to use an insertion taper to maintain piercing.

Lactation consultants who have had clients keep their piercings in while breastfeeding report: difficulties with poor latch-on, babies frequently coming on/off breast, slurping, gagging, and leaking of milk from the baby’s mouth.Slide46

Reasons for Genital piercing

Also called “intimate piercings”

Same reasons as given for other types of body art

Sexual stimulation and increased ability to have an orgasmMakes one more interested in their genitals and therefore more interested in sex.Visually stimulating to self and partnersA sense of feeling more attractiveSlide47

Female Genitals

Vertical and Horitzonal Clitoral hood

http://www.body-piercing.com.au/body_piercing_gallery.htm#healthySlide48

Female Genitals

Outer and inner labia

http://www.infinitebody.com/index2.htmlSlide49

Genital Piercings

Recommended to remove before delivery in order to decrease chance of tearing the tissue or causing trauma to the baby during delivery.

If a woman opts to keep the jewelry in, it should be small enough to avoid catching and large enough to tolerate engorgement and swelling after delivery.

Women should be advised to speak with their physician or midwife before delivery.

(www.midwiferytoday.com)Slide50

Ears

Tragus, cartilage, lobes, and lobes with rivetsSlide51

Nose, septum, bridgeSlide52

There are not many scientific studies of piercings, but looking through the information that is available:The nose is highly innervated :more painful than other piercings

Nasal piercings take longer to heal completely, especially the nasal septumSlide53

Reports of severe damage the cartilage of the nose and long-term problems with appearance and breathing. Maintaining hygiene is more difficult than with other piercings. Many people are nasal carriers of Staphylococcus. Slide54

Tongue piercingSlide55

Because a piercing is essentially an open wound, it gives bacteria a pathway into the bloodstream. Bacteria that travel through the bloodstream to the heart can cause an infection called endocarditis. People with heart defects are particularly susceptible to this. Slide56

Ludwig's angina

Ludwig's angina is an infection in the floor of the mouth which is characterized by swelling of the mouth and throat. At first, this might be mistaken for the normal swelling associated with a piercing, but it can progress quickly and cause the airway obstruction. There is one fatally reported in the literature.Slide57

OralSlide58

Lip, Labret, Monroe, or MadonnaSlide59

SurfaceSlide60

complications

Piercings can cause scarring, cysts, bacterial infections, and dermatitis

People with allergies to nickel or other metals are especially susceptible.

Keloids

-- raised blisters of scar tissue that appear in or around a piercing -- are common, and sometimes have to be removed surgically.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has a similar warning: People who get pierced run the risk of serious infection, mainly viral infections such as hepatitis B and C, or bacterial infections such as tetanus or staphylococcus.Slide61

Nickel Allergy

With the popularity of piercing; nickel allergy is on the rise.

Concern over potential rejection of implanted devices and joint replacements later in life.

The recommended metals for piercing are: surgical grade stainless steel, niobium, titanium and gold.

Hayward, M., & Tindale, R. (2008). Knowing you dydoe from your madonna:An emergency nurse guide to body piercing.

Emergency Nurse

, 26-35.Slide62

A keloid is a type of scar which results in an overgrowth of tissue at the site of a healed skin injury. The only treatment to remove the scar completely is surgery. However, the probability that the resulting surgery scar will also become a keloid is high, usually greater than 50%.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keloid

Keloid

formationSlide63

When to removeAll oral piercings for surgerySlide64

Common jewelry types

Captive bead ring

Barbells-straight, curved, twisted, circular

Nose screwsSlide65

Removal tools

Ring opening pliers

Ring closing pliers