Irene Brown and Adrian Seligman Irene Brown Born 1905 in Nagyvarad Hungary Moved to New York in 1911 Sympathetic manner Adrian Seligman Born 1905 in New York Persistent but avoidant ID: 760759
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Slide1
Martin E. P. Seligman
Joshua Lawyer
Slide2Irene Brown and Adrian Seligman
Irene Brown
Born 1905 in
Nagyvarad
, Hungary
Moved to New York in 1911
Sympathetic manner
Adrian Seligman
Born 1905 in New York
Persistent but avoidant
Bachelors of law from New York and Juris Doctor from Columbia
Slide3Life in the depression
1930- Great DepressionIrene and Adrian married 1931Adrian took a job reporting judges’ decisions at the Court of Appeals Moved to AlbanySizable population of JewsBeth Seligman born 1936
Slide4Martin Seligman
Born Martin Elias Peter SeligmanAugust 12, 1942 11:58 amEarliest memory of mother in tears from news of Jews in Hungary
Slide5Childhood
A beaming and merry young childTried school at 4 years old but was postponed till 5Went to School 16Quiz KidAttended Hebrew School taught by Jewish refugees
Slide6Growing Up
1950s- Korean War and McCarthyismWas a brainy teenagerEnjoyed showing his smartsStrongly identified Jewish until the Academy1955 entered Albany Academy for Boys A sacrifice for the family Beth went to the free New York State Teacher’s CollegeImmediate outcast but excelledJob at Curtis Publishing House magazines
Slide7“My father’s Helpnesses…”
Offered a scholarship by Headmaster Harry E.P. Meislahn First in classBut remained a privateAnti-semitism Becomes interested in FreudGraduate Albany Academy in 1960Top in class but was not named valedictorianHis father proud but Martin disappointed Accepted to Princeton University
Slide8Princeton
1960s- Civil Rights movement, fear of the nuclear Attended Princeton University No longer the smartest student Still depressed and pessimistic Avoided psychology in early years“guts” departmentBehaviorism and Freudian Majored in philosophyRobert NozickAtomismBridge Captain
Slide9Helplessness
First psychology lab workDisapproved current theory on masochism in rats Still unsatisfiedMet Kerry Mueller Attended Bryn Mawr majoring in Greek and LatinSmitten after two weeks1963 Cuban Missle CrisisDeath of President KennedyDeath of classmate
Slide10Learning from Giants
Peter MadisonPersonality Psychologist “Marty, philosophy is a good preparation for doing something else”Self-IntuitionGraduate School for Psychology -1964University of Pennsylvania Richard L. Solomon
Slide11Helpless dogs
“I think the dogs in my lab are helpless, and I don’t know why.”
Previous experiment on dogs based on Pavlov
Dogs experienced a tone then shock to jump a barrier
Investigators found theory disproved
Interested in helplessness response
Steve Maier
Theory: animals and humans could learn that they were helpless
Outcasts due to research
Slide12Cognitive Animals
Seligman and Maier test animal cognition Three groups (ESC, INESC, ZERO)After hammock, placed in shuttle box 5 out of 8 2nd group dogs failed to escape boxPublished in Journal of Experimental Psychology One criticism: paralyse spelled with zHostile rejection from Behaviorists
Slide13Fight the depression
Began studying abnormal psychologyCombat helplessnessImmunization TherapyEthical dilemmas Released one dogEmotionally draining
Slide14Discussion question
Do individuals begin to reflect their work either emotionally or personality? Or is it reverse?
Do we experience learned helplessness in our daily lives?
Slide15Behavioral or cognitive
Push back from Joe WopleBehavioral therapyDogs reinforced to lie still in hammockSecond experimentOne group controlled the shock with staying still (ESC) Second group yoked to original, no control of shock (INESC)First group and control jumped the barrier, second remained stillWople and Seligman became friends First look into mental illness
Slide16Cornell
Offered two positions- May 1967University of MichiganCornellKerry puts PhD on hold$9,500 raised to $10,000
Slide17Doctor Marty
1967- Vietnam War continues Completed graduate studiesTwo years eight months, a recordAssistant professor at Cornell UniversityWent by MartySkeptical nature Academic questions: helplessness, hopelessness, trauma, fear, and depressionAnxious and grumpy
Slide18Time at Cornell
Affirmative Action issuesUnusual policy Made friends with Carl SaganWatched the moon landing togetherAssassination of MLK and Robert KennedyDiscovered that helplessness was temporaryRecover after a weekPermeant after multiple sessions
Slide19Moving on
Offers from Harvard and PrincetonTurned down out of shame and patienceReceived first grant for learned helplessnessInterest in learning clinical psychologyProtests on campusLeft Cornell-1970Amanda Seligman born 1970
Slide20A look into Mental Illness
1970s- Continued protests and Nixon as President University of Pennsylvania Training in psychiatryCognitive therapyTwo years of trainingAdrian moved to Miami BeachIrene remained in New YorkDepression
Slide21Helpless
Connections between learned helplessness and depression
Exception being suicidal thoughts
Received tenure
Working eighty hours a week
Ignoring wife and daughter
Learned helplessness in people
Replicated with sound
Slide22England
1974 decides to write a book on learned helplessnessDavid Seligman born 1975 moves to EnglandInvestigated phobias Left Kerry for Suzanne MillerPublished HelplessnessReturned to Penn State
Slide23C.A.V.E.
Joined the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences
Wrote a textbook on abnormal psychology-1979
Suzanne left for a colleague
Seligman is 38 years old
Self-diagnosis depression
Published Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ)
Collaboration with Chris Peterson
Questionnaire for depression
Became housemate and director of clinical training
Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanation (CAVE)
Slide24Positivity
1980s- Cold War deescalating, President Ronald Regan, and laissez-faire capitalism Further development on learned helplessness Met Mandy McCarthy-1984 Married Sept 18, 1988 1989 born Lara Seligman Change of mood
Slide25Optimism
Suggested a book on optimism by Richard Pine
Resisted at first
Learned Optimism
published by 1990
Used research from CAVE and ASQ
1991 Gulf War
The Optimistic Child
Schoolchildren tests and exercises
Consume Report
1994 survey
18,000 responders, 7,000 with problems, and 4,100 saw a professional
Long-term therapy more effective than short-term therapy
Psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers equally well
No specific form of therapy better
Insurance coverage matters
Slide26Change in life
1990s- The Gulf War and the InternetNikki Seligman born 1991Darryl Seligman born 1993President of the Division of Clinical Psychology-1993Elected President of APA-1996Irene Seligman died February 26, 1996
Slide27Inventing Positive Psychology
1996
Toronto Convention
Cold shoulder from the establishment
Working in the garden with Nikki
Achieve a good life: health and sanity
Announced Positive Psychology as a new field
Supported
Assembled a research team from leading social science institutes
Slide28Positive Psychology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FBxfd7DL3E
Slide29Discussion question
“Positive Psychology
is the scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play.”
Is it important for psychology to focus on the building of a better life? Should we focus on teaching resilience and resistance?
Is Positive Psychology a separate field of Psychology? A new field of Psychology?
Slide30Good character
2000- George H.W. Bush elected, Rising tension from Al-Qadea Opening Positive Psychology CenterSuggests an un-DSMA manual of good character and sanityJoined with Chris Peterson Developed a manualPublished in 2004-
Slide31Sixty
2001- 9/11Dec 15 and 16- Invitation of aidEvasion and resistance of learned helplessness2002- “Axis of Evil”, formation of Dept of Homeland SecurityInvited to speak at conference of Survival, Evasion, Resistance and EscapeLife is looking upPositive Psychology is burgeoning Reflective HappinessLaunch of “Authentic Happiness” - https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/PERMACriticism of Positive Psychology
Slide32Positive education
Geelong Grammar School (GGS)Campaign to build well-being K-12Moved in 2006Gross National Happiness study5,347 studentsMeasured students’ well-being and standardized scoresEffective over the placebo
Slide33Positive Health
2007- Started looking at cardiovascular link to positive strengthsPositive HealthLongevity Morbidity Quality-adjusted PrognosisHealth care Studies found optimism and emotional vitality reduce coronary heart diseases
Slide34The cia
2008- War throughout the Middle East, Obama elected as presidentAllegations of aiding tortureCollaboration with Rhonda CornumComprehensive Soldier Fitness2015- Terrorist attack in Paris, Charleston shooting, and Same-sex Supreme Court decision APA launches an independent investigationJames Risen’s Pay Any Price accuses the APA
Slide35Dr. Seligman
Age 75Continuing work in Positive Psychology and EducationZellerbach Family Professor of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaDirector of Positive Psychology American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (2017), the Tang Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psychology (2014)
Slide36Refences
Seligman, M. E. (2028).
The Hope Circuit
. New York, NY: Public Affairs.
Seligman, M. (n.d.). The new era of positive psychology. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/martin_seligman_on_the_state_of_psychology
Martin E.P. Seligman. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/people/martin-ep-seligman
Authentic Happiness. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004).
Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification
(Vol. 1).
Oxford University Press.