Motivation and Emotion Lesson Plans - PowerPoint Presentation

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Motivation and Emotion

Lesson PlansSlide2

Theories of Motivation HandoutWe will use the Theories of Motivation handout to go over the theories we will practice today.Slide3

LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Compare and contrast instincts, drive-reduction theory, and arousal theory (including the Yerkes-Dodson law) as explanations of human behavior. Distinguish between primary and secondary drives, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and summarize Maslow’s hierarchy of motives.

Instincts

Instinct theory was popular in

the early 20th century, but was ultimately

disputed.

Instincts

– inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behaviors that are characteristic of an entire speciesSlide4

Drive Reduction TheoryDrive-reduction theory:

Attempts to reduce the unpleasant state of tension and return the organism to homeostasisIncentives: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviorSlide5

Arousal Theory

Arousal theory – theory of motivation that proposes that organisms seek an optimal level of arousal; this level of arousal varies during the day and from one situation to the next.Slide6

A Hierarchy of Motives

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Higher motives only emerge after lower level motives are satisfied

Physiological Needs

Safety Needs

Belongingness Needs

Esteem Needs

Self-Actualization Needs

Source:

Adapted from

Motivation and Personality

by Abraham H. Maslow. Copyright © 1970. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJSlide7

Grab a white board and a markerOn the board you should see these things: A InstinctB Drive ReductionC IncentiveD Arousal

E Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsSlide8

You have been fasting for Ramadan, meaning that you have not eaten seen the sun rose in the morning. Once the sun goes down, you partake in a big feast since it has been 12 hours since your last meal.Slide9

You have five loads of laundry to fold. While folding the clothes, you turn on the TV and watch your favorite show that you taped on the DVR.Slide10

Education in Sub-Saharan Africa often takes a back seat finding food or protecting one’s family from competing warlords.Slide11

You will get a parking space at AK if you have the minimum required GPA.Slide12

Geese migrate south for the winter.Slide13

You are marooned on a desert island. There is nothing to eat except for some bananas at the top of the trees. Therefore, you climb the trees to get the bananas.Slide14

You visit a volcano to study the geology. Unexpectedly, the volcano begins to erupt. You ditch the research project to escape from the molten lava that is seeping down the side ofthe mountain.Slide15

It’s 1:00 and you have just eaten lunch. Your neighbors, who are from India, are cooking food with their windows open. You walk to their house to hopefully get a few of the awesome samosas they have made.Slide16

You are eating breakfast alone in your kitchen. Which theory of motivation explains why you begin reading the cereal box?Slide17

You touch a hot stove. Which theory of motivation explains why you immediately moveyour hand away from the burner?Slide18

It’s 1:00 and you have just eaten lunch. Your neighbors, who are from India, are cooking food with their windows open. You walk to their house to hopefully get a few of the awesome samosas they have made.Slide19

You are eating breakfast alone in your kitchen. Which theory of motivation explains why you begin reading the cereal box?Slide20

You touch a hot stove. Which theory of motivation explains why you immediately moveyour hand away from the burner?Slide21

Your parents tell your little brother that they will pay him $20 if he gets all “A”s at the end of the school year.Slide22

A tornado destroys Mr. Bender’s house. While he and his family were all okay, Mr. Bender misses two weeks of school to make sure his family is settled and that his home will bereplaced.Slide23

After a two-hour football practice in the hot sun, your body temperature is high, so youjump into a cold pool in order to cool yourself off.Slide24

Students living in abject poverty have a more difficult time learning in school than studentsthan students living in middle or upper class families.Slide25

A diabetic has low blood sugar. She drinks fruit juice in order to get her blood sugar levelback to normal.Slide26

Answer Key1. Drive reduction2. Arousal3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs4. Incentive

5. Instinct6. Drive reduction7. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs8. Incentive9. Arousal10. Instinct11. Incentive12. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs13. Drive reduction14. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs15. Drive reductionSlide27
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GlucoseGlucose is a blood sugar that is a major source of energy. When you are low on glucose, your stomach, intestines, and liver will signal your brain to motivate eating, which then triggers your hunger.Slide31

The effects of hunger and eating behavior when stimulating or destroying the appetite suppression areas of the hypothalamus.When an appetite-enhancing center of the hypothalamus is stimulated electrically, well-fed animals begin to eat.

If the area is destroyed, even starving animals have no interest in food. The opposite occurs when an appetite-suppressing area is stimulated: Animals will stop eating.Destroy this area and animals will eat and eat and become extremely fat. When the body falls below the set point—or the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set—an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.HypothalamusSlide32

Hunger MotivationAppetite Hormone

Location of SecretionEffect on HungerInsulinPancreasControls blood glucoseGhrelinStomachSends “I’m hungry” signals to the brainOrexinHypothalamusTriggers conscious hungerLeptinFat cellsCauses brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

PYYDigestive

tract hormonesSends “I’m not hungry” signals to the brainSlide33

How might memory impact our desire to eat?As time passes, we think about eating again, and those thoughts trigger feelings of hunger. Slide34

Impact on hungerCulture Geography Environment Slide35

How do the following impact eating behavior and weight?Group size Portion size Food variety Slide36

ObesityList one social and one physiological/health consequence of being overweight or obese.social—lower psychological well-being, increased risk of depression, higher likelihood of being bullied, etc. physiological—increased risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, gallstones, arthritis, certain types of cancer, late-life cognitive decline in women, etc.

What role do set (or settling) point and metabolism play in obesity?Once we become fat, we require less food to maintain our weight than we did to attain it. When an overweight person’s body drops below the set point, the person’s hunger increases and metabolism decreases.What role do genetics play in obesity?Genes do play a role in our body weight. People’s weights resemble those of their biological parents (even when they live with adoptive parents), and identical twins have closely similar weights. What role do environmental factors play in obesity? What information in the Close-Up can help you make better choices regarding what you eat?Environmental factors play a pretty important role: Those who suffer from sleep loss are more vulnerable to obesity, and we are more likely to become obese when a friend is obese, and/or we are eating more and moving less. Answers will vary on second half of question but should reflect information from the Close-Up.Slide37