Rem 151 fall semester 2017 Why Care The spread of noxious weeds Signal ecological decline of entire watersheds Reduce beauty and biodiversity of natural areas Cause widespread economic losses in agriculture and recreation ID: 927488
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Slide1
Managing Invasive Plants
Rem 151 fall semester 2017
Slide2Why Care?
The spread of noxious weeds:
Signal ecological decline of entire watersheds.
Reduce beauty and biodiversity of natural areas.
Cause widespread economic losses in agriculture and recreation.
Problem for all lands: urban, rural, private, state, and federal lands.
Noxious weed species spare no segment of society—rancher, farmer, fisher, and cycler alikeCan’t leave well enough alone - when unmanaged, they spread rapidly, unceasingly, and silently.
Slide3Invasive/Noxious Weeds
https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edComm/pdf/bul/bul0816.pdf
http://invasivespecies.idaho.gov/control-strategies/
http://www.idahoweedawareness.net/vfg/weedlist/weedlist.html
Slide4Exotic Invasive Species
– more than just plants
Animals (wild boar, starling)
Insects (fire ants, killer bees)
microbes (White nose syndrome, chestnut blight)
viruses (zika virus, west nile virus)
Slide5Why are Weeds Bad…
or Good
Positive Impact
Negative Impact
Ecological
Socioeconomic
Slide6Why are Weeds Bad…
or Good
Positive Impact
Negative Impact
Ecological
Socioeconomic
Some provide forage
Resource for pollinators/honey
Some reduce erosion
Many reduce soil cover & increase erosion
Compete with good forage plants
Increase fire frequency (i.e.,
cheatgrass
)
Reduce wildlife habitat quality
Jobs for those who fight weeds
Herbicide companies
Honey
(i.e., yellow starthistle honey)
Plant products
(i.e., St. John’s wort)
Reduce forage productivity for livestock
Reduce recreation quality
Cause health issues
(i.e., pollen)
Slide7Prevention:
the single best way to limit impacts of nonnative speciesEarly Detection and Rapid Response
Eradication: may be feasible early in an invasion or in a restricted areaControl: biological: introducing a natural enemy, predator or parasite chemical: pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides
mechanical:
physically removing the invasive species or changing the habitat conditions
Research: provides the basis for invasive species actionRestoration: minimize the chance an area will be reinvadedEducation and Public AwarenessWHAT CAN BE DONE?
Slide8Land Planning With Weeds
Prevention
Consider vectors of introductionDevelop plans to minimize introductionMinimize disturbances that may favor weedsEarly Detection
Develop strategy for early detection
Eradicate when possible
Slide9Maintain Healthy Plant Communities
Slide10Weed Control Approaches
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Cultural
herbicides to reduce or prevent weeds
Slide11Chemical Control - Herbicides
Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
Control undesirable plants to favor more desirable species.
Slide12Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
Increase effectiveness of mechanical, fire, or biological methods
.
Black greasewood
Eastern red cedar- Mechanical techniques
…follow-up herbicidal treatment of sprouts
Slide13Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
3. Rejuvenation of tall shrubs and low trees, used as forage by big game
Old growth aspen stands
Mountain maple
Slide14Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
4. Eradication of poisonous plants
Tall Larkspur
Water Hemlock
Slide15Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
5. Eradication of small infestations
Spotted Knapweeds
Musk Thistle
Slide16Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
6. Kill existing community to prepare for range seeding or planting
Sagebrush
Cheatgrass
Slide17Proven uses of herbicides on rangelands:
Maintenance control or retreatment when applied periodically following primary treatment.
Juniper encroachment
Tarweed
Slide18Weed Control Approaches
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Cultural
removal or damage to weeds with physical/mechanical forces
Slide19Brush Sculpting
https://youtu.be/zPfiyxhU42E
WATCH
Chains
Shredding/Mastication
Slide20Weed Control Approaches
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Cultural
suppress weeds with living organisms including parasites or pathogens
Slide21Biological Control
…the planned use of living organisms to reduce the vigor, reproductive capacity, density, or effect of weeds…
Classical Biological Control:Using the natural enemies of weeds, including insects, pathogens such as bacteria and fungi, or nematodes to control infestation.
Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board
Insect for biocontrol of St.
Johnswort
Slide22Biological Control Agents
Requirements necessary for biological control agents to be successful:
Quarantine test, Scotch thistle
Destructive enough to control weeds
Host specific enough to not endanger non-target species
Able to survive and reproduce in target environments
Slide23Of the 72 examples worldwide where weed biocontrol programs have been underway for a sufficient period to assess control, only 28% have resulted in control that could be rated as sometimes complete, while 35% have shown no control of the target plant.
Sheppard, A. W. 1992. Predicting biological weed control. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:290-296
Slide24August 2006
June 2006
The leaf beetle
Diorhabda
elongata
on saltcedar
Slide25Biological Control Agents
https://youtu.be/qwRfhe5ct3s
WATCH
Slide26Biological Control Agents
https://nyti.ms/2lg56r9
READ
Black Fingers of Death on
cheatgrass
-fungi
http://knau.org/post/black-fingers-death-shows-promise-cheatgrass-control#stream/0
WATCH
ACK55-bacteria
Slide27Weed Control Approaches
Chemical
Mechanical
Biological
Cultural
alter land management practices (fertilize, cultivate, graze, burn) to suppress weeds
Slide28Cultural Control Prescribed Grazing or Targeted Grazing
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/us/27weeds.html
READ
Leafy Spurge
Squarrose
Knapweed
Dalmatian toadflax
Slide29Cultural Control Agents: Prescribed Grazing or Targeted Grazing
https://youtu.be/dANLnHEi19A
WATCH
Slide30What Can Be Done?
Slide31Land Planning With Weeds
Weed Survey
Collect information about weed biology and ecology.Document growth requirementsIdentify sites susceptible to invasionEvaluate progress of weed management plan
Slide32Land Planning With Weeds
Weed Mapping
Delineate extent
Document control activities
Monitory spread overtime
Slide33Land Planning With Weeds
Integrated Weed Management
Weed Control
Chemical
Biocontrol
Cultural
Mechanical
Slide34Land Planning With Weeds
Coordinated Weed Management Groups
Develop plans across land ownershipsLeverage resourcesTimeEquipmentMoney
Expertise
Apply for state and federal funds
Slide35Land Planning With Weeds
Monitoring and Evaluation
Was weed population adequately suppressed?Was cost of suppression acceptable?What were non-target effects?Should treatment be repeated or modified?Were land management goals
met?
Slide36Control Agents: Prescribed Grazing or Targeted Grazing
WATCH
https://youtu.be/sTfQnpahqss
Slide37Steps to Follow for Weed Control
Prioritize goals:
Do you aim to eradicate or merely contain an infestation?Which weeds are your highest priorities in the short-vs. long-term?
What are the potential impacts of the various weeds that you may treat?
Which weeds are listed on federal, state, or county noxious weed lists?
Monitor:
Carefully follow the progress of your efforts and make corrections to your activities as needed.Follow-up treatments can be applied as necessary.Revegetation:It is important that while you want to rid an area of invasive plants, you also want to promote restoration of native plant communities.