COLOURBLINDNESSAMONGTHECH1NESE150percentwasfoundtobecolourblindOfthese227individuals50percentwerediscoveredtohavecompletecolourblindnessandtheotherhalfincompletecolourblindnessUnde ID: 940953
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744COLOUR-BLINDNESSAMONGTHECHINESE*BYEUGENECHANANDWINIFREDS.MAOFromyttheDepartmentofOphtlhalmi0ology,CollegeofMedicalScieitces,WVestChinaUnionUniiversity,Chenzgtu,Szechuani,China.THEfigUIeSqluotedintheliteratureonthefrequencyofcolour-blindnessamnongtheClhineseracearebasedontheinvestigationsofChanig(1932)andofKilbornandBeh(1934).Changinvesti-gated2,296childreninprimaryschoolsandhighschools;hispaper,wrhichiswritteninChinese,containsthedatasetoutinTable1.TABLEIPercent(ageColoir-Blind(afterC/tiang)SexNumberNumberofSexexaminedcolour-blindPercentageWale.1,164806.9Female.....1,132191.7Total....2,296994.3KilbornandBeh'sworkisbetterknowntothewsorld,becauseitiswkritterninEnglish.Theseauthorsinvestigated1,115maleuniversitystudents,andfound67(6.3percent.)eithercompletelyorincompletelyred/green-blind.TheyconcludedtheirreportbycombiniingtheirfigureswiththoseofChang,andthusgaveacolour-blindnessincidenceof65percent.forChinesemalesand17percent.forChinesefemales.Thered-blindandthegreen-blindwereapparentlygroupedtogetherunderthecategoryofincompletelyred/green-blind,bothbyChangandbyKilbornandBeh.WenowwvishtocallattentiontoafullerseriesofstatisticswvorkedoutWvFangandLiu(1942),whoexamined10,334indi-viduals(7,333maleand3,001female).Theexamineesconsistedofschoolchildren,universitystudents,soldiers,andtechnicians..Atota-lof454persons,409males(559percent.)and45females*ReceivedforpublicationJuly18,1950. COLOUR-BLINDNESSA
MONGTHECH1NESE(150percent.),wasfoundtobecolour-blind.Ofthese,.227individuals(50percent.)werediscoveredtohave"complete"colour-blindness,andtheotherhalf"incomplete"colour-blindness.Undertheheading"complete"colour-blindness,theanomalouswereseparatedintothecompletelyred-blindandthecompletelygreen-blind,whereasundertheheading"incom-plete"colour-blindness,theyweresubdividedintothered-blind,thegreen-blind,andthered/green-blind.Recentlywehadtheopportunityofexamining11,061persons,consistingofunselectedmen,women,andchildrenfromallwalksoflife.TheIshiharapseudo-isochromaticplates,sixthedition,wereused.Whenevertherewasa-doubtfulcase,theAmericanOpticalCompany'spseudo-isochromaticplates(1944)werealsopresentedforverification.OurtestswereconductedundernaturaldaylightilluminationaccordingtoIshihara'sinstructions.OurfindingsaresummarizedinTableII.TABLEIIIncidenceofColour-Blindnessin11,061Chii,eseSexNumberIncompletelyRed/Red-Green-TotalSexexaminedcolour-blindgreen-blindblindcolour-blindblindMale...7,54233161541375Female...3,519-212225Total...11,06133371743400Fromtheabovefigures,weestimatethattheincidenceofcolour-blindnessintheChineseis497percent.formales,and071percent.forfemales.REFERENCESCHANG,S.P.(1932).Nat.med..J.China,18,806.(InChinese.)ISHIHARA,S.(1943).`TestsforColour-blindness",9thed.,Lewis,London.KILBORN,L.G.,andBEH,Y.T.(1934).Science,79,34.FANG,H.S.andLwu,A.C.(1942).Nat.mnedi.J.China,28,170.(InChinese.)74