Generalization - PDF document

1 Generalization By D. and M. GEOLOGICAL
Generalization By D. and M. GEOLOGICAL A UNITED UNITED Secretary GEOLOGICAL Director Library For CONTENTS Page Symbols ___-__-_____._______.___._.__________________ IV Di

2 scussion ILLUSTRATIONS Page Maps for
scussion ILLUSTRATIONS Page Maps for TABLES Page CONTENTS flow__________________________________________________ 11. record SYMBOLS A Drainage Aa Alluvial square Ae Percent

3 B Main-channel bRegression 0V Coeffi
B Main-channel bRegression 0V Coefficient D Depth Dp Duration-curve p percent d (subscript) E Average Ev Average F Forested G Median g Coefficient h (subscript) Ih, In

4 tensity Ki, Adjustment L Main-channel
tensity Ki, Adjustment L Main-channel LMean-flow n (subscript) P Mean Pt Annual p (subscript) QMean n, in Rb Bifurcation VI RMain-channel S Main-channel SStandard SD S

5 tandard flow, Si Soils Sn Mean Sn Ave
tandard flow, Si Soils Sn Mean Sn Average SRSerial St Surface percent occupied T (subscript) ti Mean degrees Fahrenheit. h Mean Vd, Maximum W Average WValley Xi, Basin

6 Y. . YStreamflow GENERALIZATION By AB
Y. . YStreamflow GENERALIZATION By ABSTRACT Definition of 2 relations INTRODUCTION One stations man promise INTRODUCTION streamflow topographic of the Red the EASTE

7 RN YLAND __ . j i~ ' FIGURE 378-4
RN YLAND __ . j i~ ' FIGURE 378-463 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Manuel Vernon DESCRIPTIONS The The FIGURE basin DESCRIPTIONS rocky, average CENTRAL The FIGURE 6 Colorado

8 , in Kansas of SOUTHERN The and D
, in Kansas of SOUTHERN The and DESCRIPTIONS FIGURE The WESTERN The California of 8 STREAMFLOW FIGURE State SELECTION A near ranges, period SELECTION RECORDS A

9 ll to 10 standard locations the IN
ll to 10 standard locations the INDICES CHARACTERISTICS The of problem. LOW Low-flow (Mand (MThese INDICES Biggs Southern per logarithm comparable. FLOW Flow-durati

10 on . MOMENTARY Annual discharge 2,
on . MOMENTARY Annual discharge 2, �Ps Ao, Pzo or P For Southerns of considered, FLOOD Eight 378-463 12 be MEAN FLOWS The provided Qrepresents Q(where n ref

11 ers STANDARD Indices SD and SDwhere n
ers STANDARD Indices SD and SDwhere n refers SKEW Skew gand gare SERIAL Serial and correlations DRAINAGE DRAINAGE-BASIN Meteorologic in on DRAINAGE Size are A. Wh

12 ere 14 STREAMFLOW B* S i fc 1 3 i o .
ere 14 STREAMFLOW B* S i fc 1 3 i o .a 4 3 H I? i .2 % 2 § O § a 2 H c. 5 1 ! | i 0 + ! § i o I 1 "c i S i 3 ^ o 1 1 O J i 0 1 I O a o i i a T-( T- r-i tO ( §CO T

13 -(T-( *Tt 00 COCO �i �
-(T-( *Tt 00 COCO �i �OOO51 T-T &#xoot0; T-(O r-t t^ooo (NCOO5OOCOO5O lrfr-(COT- IK oiTha oirf O(NO5 f*w (N r-i r-i CO �COIO5 10 T-( cT (N t^. ) §

14 S (N �1O5 CO COCO T O5O ^s CO
S (N �1O5 CO COCO T O5O ^s CO iocs! OOO 00 r-t O " OCO 00 (N �1 o T CO r-i o 1^ 00 T|i c5 co r-i O5 o OO5COOO COlrf^i'cOTKOlrfTl'Tt (NO5CO OOC3^C5C3COC5

15 CO lO (N (N ed r-t O5 lO T-T "^iV)t^
CO lO (N (N ed r-t O5 lO T-T "^iV)t^ 1 K CO CO 00 K^kf^hki k^. DRAINAGE 15 Slope assumed index, S is MAIN-CHANNEL LENGTH Main-channel (L) was A. Values SURFACE STORAGE

16 Differences basins. (St) was were of
Differences basins. (St) was were of ELEVATION Although (E) was 16 and computed (E) that Ae. FORESTED Forests forest (F) used Western SOILS Infiltration (Si) were

17 BASIN For of (A) to W=A/L. ALLUVIAL
BASIN For of (A) to W=A/L. ALLUVIAL The Ad) was DRAINAGE CHANNEL A types MEANDER A main (R, (L) to BIFURCATION The (R^) was selected scale MEAN FLOW For area

18 (Lhad 18 STREAMFLOW VALLEY For (W,
(Lhad 18 STREAMFLOW VALLEY For (W, MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION Mean (P) is many Western maps FIGURE DRAINAGE 378-463 20 STREAMFLOW For this and (P) was E is K is P

19 was points E and KI for P for FIQTJBE
was points E and KI for P for FIQTJBE DRAINAGE MONTHLY Because the in SNOW Snow (Sn) was basin. Langbein /Sn is E is Kis an 22 STEEAMFLOW FIGURE For Sn was E and Kf

20 or point, Sn for Sn for in in (E).
or point, Sn for Sn for in in (E). DRAINAGE 23 FIGURE Flora tion as Sn in PRECIPITATION Many the to of (1^. 100) 24 UJ i2 Z o 8000 g FIGURE to effective To (h)

21 , 7i 0.2A. For DRAINAGE 25 25 50 FIG
, 7i 0.2A. For DRAINAGE 25 25 50 FIGUBE to 26 tation AVERAGE An (Ev), in THUNDERSTORM In TEMPERATURE Temperature ANALYTICAL Statistical ANALYTICAL variable has str

22 eamflow of omitted. 28 the not lea
eamflow of omitted. 28 the not lead to set variables exhibit (Ae), (I24, 100) (E), snow recurrence (I2 the TABLE Simple basin A...................... ............ L.

23 /M.J.. IM. 100---------- /», Sn....
/M.J.. IM. 100---------- /», Sn.... 1.00 L 1.00 St i -.32 E 1.00 _ .16 P 1.00 Si 1.00 to CO CO o TABLE Simple A.. p..... S D Si... E.. 1.00 L 1.00 Qfi .60 W 1.00

24 _ .66 W, 1.00 QQ .98 .36 D 1.00 B 1.
_ .66 W, 1.00 QQ .98 .36 D 1.00 B 1.00 -.11 Tj 1.00 1.00 -.39 RQ .33 84 .87 -.62 Ev 1.00 .15 Aa 1.00 F 1.00 _ -.52 a 1.00 la. 2 In. 100 Sn 1.00 1.00 -.83 .53 -.22 .

25 21 RESULTS TABLE Simple A.... JM.I
21 RESULTS TABLE Simple A.... JM.I A .......... S 1.00 L 1.00 St 1.00 E F 1.00 In. too P 1.00 .61 Si 1.0 TABLE Simple A........... J 24 F... ....... A 1.00 L 1.00 St

26 1.00 E 1.00 /24.2 1.00 F 1.00 RESULTS
1.00 E 1.00 /24.2 1.00 F 1.00 RESULTS Tables Xi+blog X. X or Y=aX. . where Xi to bi to percent. 32 STBEAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS TABLE Summary Y= d\ Flow 600 38l" 21.6 5.71

27 1.80 3.22 0.72 Qry .89 *7ft 1.0k 8T
1.80 3.22 0.72 Qry .89 *7ft 1.0k 8T 1.13 1.00 97 l.lk 1.0k 1.01 s 0.1*2 .18 - L st - E X 1.1.7 a 1-15 -" d - -7k . F : - : -' Standard i i .107 .101* .65

28 6 .095 .11*2 .689 .110 % 160 155 157
6 .095 .11*2 .689 .110 % 160 155 157 21.1* 21*5 225 251 37-5 DISCUSSION RESULTS 33 TABLE Summary Y=a Flow «10 Q 6.60 2.46 2.60 6.22(-6 2.74(-8 1.12 2.64 9.52 2.89 Reg

29 ression "98 1.05 0.15 A- .52 a .22 .
ression "98 1.05 0.15 A- .52 a .22 .27 E " : 3-23 1-59 Sn .22 .24 - - -^ .61 Si .81 2.08 d .661 .221 r, .306 .244 .916 .451 .661 20.8 219 21.5 223 268 226 23-4 21

30 2 31.1 17.6 212 12.5 12.0 34 STREAMFLO
2 31.1 17.6 212 12.5 12.0 34 STREAMFLOW TABLE Summary relations: Y=a Continued Flow Q Q «4 Q 5 *r Q SD QT) SD .41+6 . .499 .0142 .664 .221 4.09(-5) A 0.99 1.00 .98 no 1.05 1.

31 00 1.03 1.03 s . 0.17 .14 L . . X _ 1
00 1.03 1.03 s . 0.17 .14 L . . X _ 1.21 . 2.24 2.53 a 1.99 33 .24 - -53 F - .20 0.08 or 226 219 22.3 11.2 9-4 20.4 14.8 24.2 19-7 228 31.6 26.1 24.4 216 14.0 12.5 244 21.4 19

32 .2 230 24.6 20.7 19.7 RESULTS 35 TABLE S
.2 230 24.6 20.7 19.7 RESULTS 35 TABLE Summary Y=a Flow s\ SD SD SDo SDg Regression . Regression 1.03 . 1.05 1.01 . 1.24 97 1.40 1.35 L - st . - - . . - . - - - . - ~ . . - 0.

33 44 X . 0.15 .27 . .18 Si - .& - Standar
44 X . 0.15 .27 . .18 Si - .& - Standard 0.684 .110 /TtQ .108 (L^c .127 .112 .098 % 231 20.2 35-2 224 25.6 22.3 204 26.1 CO Q 22.7 213 45.1 218 33-8 * which TABLE Summary re

34 gression [All 5 percent d] Flow P p *2
gression [All 5 percent d] Flow P p *20 P Regression 2.77(7) .222 14.6 Regression 0.33 .40 - 2.80 -1.04 Si *7 Ev 0.359 .211 355 36 Summary Y= Flow V V V V y 7j20 v D D D R

35 egression 1.6 20.2 .201 5.37(-6) 4.2
egression 1.6 20.2 .201 5.37(-6) 4.24 5.6l(-5) 2.42 l.o8(-8) Regression L 5.08 2.01 3.46 2.42 2.86 2.42 4.03 Sn - -1.22 - -5.22 -8.59 Si *7 Ev .297 .204 .477 .229 .637 % 1

36 05.1 121.6 89.6 112 31.6 210 55-2 206 15
05.1 121.6 89.6 112 31.6 210 55-2 206 155 RESULTS 37 TABLE Summary Y= Flow M '" Q a Q Q Q Q OP Q Q *7 Q Regression 7-3K-6) 1.12(-9) 1-33C-12) . 6.i2(-5) (-8) 1.09(-10) 7-90(-l3)

37 1.01 l.Ol(-6) Regression 1.29 . .99 1.
1.01 l.Ol(-6) Regression 1.29 . .99 1.12 1.07 L 3-09 7.38 . 3.82 5-5 Si 1.66 . . -2.11 Standard 1.113 .212 .618 .122 .443 .402 % 1060 510 126 34.5 33-0 40.2 136 202 140 124

38 31-0 120 36.2 38 STREAMFLOW TABLE Summ
31-0 120 36.2 38 STREAMFLOW TABLE Summary regression Y=a Flow "9 SD * Regression 2.4 2.02(-6) . - Sn -1.09 -1.20 -1.29 _ , _ *! .186 .218 .623 .202 .548 112 44.5 RESULTS Summa

39 ry Y= 39 Flow a SR 0.0046? .0111 - .1
ry Y= 39 Flow a SR 0.0046? .0111 - .199 Regression *7 Ev 1.46 A .07 Standard .149 % 37.0 11.6 Number ) 10 TABLE Summary regression Y=a Flow P p F P P *5 P *2 V IT 3,20 v Reg

40 ression 576 270 A .67 S _ . L - sion
ression 576 270 A .67 S _ . L - sion p-40 . . F 0.373 .200 175 .201 .140 .116 .124 96.8 28.2 27.0 40 STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS TABLE Summary Y=aA Flow V V V D Q Regressi

41 on 35-7 12.6 .382 .224 .68 .0082 .840 .
on 35-7 12.6 .382 .224 .68 .0082 .840 .021 .28 .96 1.01 - 1.02 - .81 2.24 2*63 P-40 2.06 6.64 F .66 Standard 1.221 .958 .569 1.465 .621 .100 .619 24.1 161 20.8 17

42 6 24.4 339 RESULTS Summary regression Y
6 24.4 339 RESULTS Summary regression Y=a 41 Flow 0 Q �- Q ^6 Q SD on qn SD SD 3 Regression .66 1. .81 50 1.66 .020 .0066 A 1.06 1.09 l.OU l.OU 1.01 _ 1.11 1.01 -96 1.0

43 0 .90 _ 1.02 1.03 .80 1.01 s .
0 .90 _ 1.02 1.03 .80 1.01 s . - - . - - _ - . - - _ - . - _ - . - . - - . - - - . -.27 -.28 -.26 . . - . -.18 -.21 32 Regress 2.77 -99 - -71 . 0.07 .09 Si - - .12

44 0 .182 .211* .186 .103 % 192 16.8 200 &#
0 .182 .211* .186 .103 % 192 16.8 200 �9*. 22.2 lU.8 21. 42 STREAMFLOW TABLE Summary Y=a Flow OT\ SD SD/- D SD 0 SD 1.1*3 .12 2.75 1.02(-9) . Regression 1.10 1.56 .

45 89 s _ - _ - . - - . - . - - - - L 11.3
89 s _ - _ - . - - . - . - - - - L 11.3 F .086 .212 .671 20.8 175 21*8 71*. 224 68.9 * which TABLE Summary Y= d] Flow p 25 p p P 2 21.5 200 .873 Regression .81* S - - - _ - .

46 - - - - - _ - St - _ - . _ - . - - - - .
- - - - - _ - St - _ - . _ - . - - - - . . - E -0.1*8 - -51* d- .66 Sn 0.81* 1.20 1.03 Si .236 .21*8 .169 .21*1 .215 .171* .160 .1*81 1*8.0 RESULTS 43 TABLE Summary Y=a Flow V V

47 v D D Regression 16.1 ) 2.20 61.2 10.8
v D D Regression 16.1 ) 2.20 61.2 10.8 18.2 6.17 1.22 .0486 2.20 .811 .0412 - 13.5 .0561 3.04 .0600 1.70(-8) 2.10(-10) .89 1.00 1.05 1.01 s . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . -

48 - - - - - - - - _ - . - st . - - - - - .
- - - - - - - - _ - . - st . - - - - - . - .63 - - .72 . - - - - . .67 - 1.21 1.23 Regres - -70 - - sion *2h,2 _ .84 1.10 1.01 .81 3-^ 3.01 ts .61 1.12 .1*7 a .82 - - - 1.1

49 7 1.01 _ - a 1-75 Si .488 .201 .465 .22
7 1.01 _ - a 1-75 Si .488 .201 .465 .220 .179 .172 .926 .667 srd 138 104 1*7-9 20.2 32.1 44 STREAMFLOW TABLE Summary Y=a Flow D "7,20 9 9 S Regression 7.34(-3) 2.47(-15) 8.

50 6l(-14) 1.40(-5) 2.85(-5) 1.02 6.07(-6)
6l(-14) 1.40(-5) 2.85(-5) 1.02 6.07(-6) 1.62 2.84 2.00(-5) 1.96 Regression 1-35 1.02 1.06 - 5.24 1.00 1.07 1.04 - 1.03 1.03 1.12 1.06 - 1.02 1.08 s . - - - - - - - - . - . - - -

51 - - . - - . - - - - - _ - - - - - - -
- - . - - . - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - . E - -1.22 - -1.20 - 2.29 1.15 ^,2 . 4.37 . - 2.01 1.49 2.20 1.86 2.09 1.74 . _ 1-55 Sn 0.53 1.00 - - - _ -

52 . _ - . - - _ - . - - - _ - . - - . -
. _ - . - - _ - . - - - _ - . - - . - F -1.75 Si 1.467 .242 .119 % . 110 58.6 RESULTS 45 TABLE Summary of Y=a 4 Flow Qf, o SD A qTl SD SDg 8. 8.20(- 4.26(-10) 2.09 4.15

53 (-4) .0120 .16 .24 ! & 1.40 1-37 1.40 1.
(-4) .0120 .16 .24 ! & 1.40 1-37 1.40 1.49 1.00 st - - 1.40 2.10 1.80 2.11 1.88 -95 sion T . 2.09 1.62 4.33 1.21 4.44 ts d-1.37 1.20 1.16 Si .217 .212 1.102 .240 .168 .201 .

54 147 rd % . 48.1 100 175 102 66.9 46 STRE
147 rd % . 48.1 100 175 102 66.9 46 STREAMFLOW TABLE Summary Y=a Flow SD SO- S SDn o 7 Regression a* _ A .87 1.24 1-31 : Regress : 2.68 1.21 2.48 2.29 1.36 ion : 1.25 : 1.

55 21 1.15 2.02 3.26 Sn 0.95 36 .42 . F 0.5
21 1.15 2.02 3.26 Sn 0.95 36 .42 . F 0.53 : - 1.89 1.40 : Standard % 148 26.6 164 Number ) DISCUSSION RESULTS 47 In variable, are in level. are and monthly exists DISCUSSIO

56 N This The 48 teristics the sample
N This The 48 teristics the sample ACCURACY The the by humid DISCUSSION 49 TABLE Basin [The found A tions St Eastern High 3 in 5 n 0 a 7 1 3 a 7 ?3 13 n 16 11 8

57 as 2 Central n 13 a 0 1 3 High... ..
as 2 Central n 13 a 0 1 3 High... .. IB n 5 n 0 Western High......... JjOW VarlaKla Total- 14 45 a 12 g 30 a 10 11 2 u - 5? LLJ 100 LOW 2-yr m 50-yr .2 .5* n O E ? -£ o

58 o o o o o ~o ~o 1^ FIQUEE 50 STREAMF
o o o o o ~o ~o 1^ FIQUEE 50 STREAMFLOW 180 1 (g R an 1 ge X rm FLOODFLOWS 50-year D _* :: Fl 111 s o 35-0 o ^??-^s _ FJGTJBE Accuracy the APPLICABILITY Streamflow

59 of AN Accuracy DISCUSSION 51 300 LL
of AN Accuracy DISCUSSION 51 300 LLJ £200 os" a: 0 y o LLJ £ r i] |:jg S!S; 1 1 1 FLOODFLOWS 1 II ss SB SB: I ^ 1 %, 2i. -x % 1 l~ _. c -c OO 00 ~°~° ~°~° i

60 -.oo O �o FIGURE tions. 52 ST
-.oo O �o FIGURE tions. 52 STREAMFLOW PREDICTION r :|; i:|S II 1 r*i I FLOODFLOWS n i i �o _i£ 2»,-, s o 0- 11 o 5 � og o ± �o �

61 00;o lc � O -_ ' FIGURE IMP
00;o lc � O -_ ' FIGURE IMPLICATIONS The to availability system fixed entity here error DISCUSSION 53 TABLE Observed [The Mj,t Q* Vj,i P 5965. to information

62 values. with 54 the gaging. expla
values. with 54 the gaging. explaining in required this area SUMMARY These virtually monthly REFERENCES The storage network similar REFERENCES Benson, 1962, 1