WELFARE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE amp FARMERS WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA KRISHI BHAWAN NEW DELHI wwwnmoopgovin NIGER BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Family Asteraceae Common Name Ram ID: 1029326
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1. OILSEEDS DIVISIONDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION & FARMERS’ WELFAREMINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS’ WELFAREGOVERNMENT OF INDIAKRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHIwww.nmoop.gov.inNIGER
2. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONFamily : AsteraceaeCommon Name : Ram tilScientific Name: Guizotica abyssinica L. Origin : Ethiopian highlands and spread from Malawi to India
3. SEASON AND CLIMATE Requires moist soil to grow properly Grows well under light black soils or brownish loam with sufficient depth and on well drained heavy soils or rocky laterite soils Requires moderate annual rainfall between 1000-1250 mm
4. CROP DESCRIPTION Niger is an annual dicotyledonous herbPlant is erect, stout and branched typeFlowers are yellow, slightly green and two to three capitulates grow together It is cross pollinated crop
5. GLOBAL SCENARIO Major Niger growing countries are: Ethiopia Germany West Indies Brazil Mexico China Nepal Myanmar India
6. AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF NIGER IN INDIA (AVERAGE 2013-14 TO 2015-16*)(A-Area in lakh ha; P-Production in lakh MT; Y-Yield in Ql/ha)Sr. No.StateAPY1Andhra Pradesh0.080.044.782Assam0.070.045.953Chhattisgarh0.630.111.744Gujarat0.100.045.215Jharkhand0.030.025.906Karnataka0.100.023.087Madhya Pradesh0.660.233.558Maharashtra0.230.062.429Odisha0.660.243.5810West Bengal0.040.037.13 All India2.610.843.21* Fourth Advance Estimates (2015-16)Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, New Delhi
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11. POTENTIAL STATES AND DISTRICTS OF NIGERSr. No.State District Average Area 2011-14 (000 ha) 1Andhra Pradesh Vishkhapatnam8.002Assam Barpeta1.33 Goalpara1.333Chattisgarh Bastar11.00 Jashpur21.33 Sarguja22.004Kernataka Mysore1.675Madhya Pradesh Betul14.67 Chhindwara11.00 Dindori22.336Maharashtra Ahmadnagar2.00 Nasik16.667Odisha Koraput24.33 Mayurbhanj13.00Source: Oilseeds Statistics: A Compendium - 2015, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hydrabad
12. YIELD GAP UNDER FLDsLimited choice of High Yielding Varieties, use of farm saved seed with low seed replacement rate and low input application are the major factors contributing to low yield Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) conducted by institutes of ICAR/SAUs indicate yield gap from 29 to 41 % over State Average YieldStateYield (kg/ha)Yield gap (%)State Average YieldFLDKharif 2013-14 (Irrigated)Jharkhand500450-MP36947529Maharashtra32545741Source: NMOOP Frontline Demonstration on Oilseeds, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
13. StateIntercroppingRow ratioMadhya PradeshNiger + Kodo/ Kutki/ Pearlmillet/ Green gram2:2MaharashtraNiger + Finger millet / Horse gram/ Ricebean2:2 or 4:2Niger + Pearlmillet3:3OrissaNiger + Finger millet / Black gram2:2 or 4:2Niger + Ricebean/ Cowpea/ Frenchbean4:2BiharNiger + Finger millet / Black gram2:2Niger + Redgram3:2Niger + Ricebean4:2APNiger + Cowpea4:2KarnatakaNiger + Groundnut3:6Niger + Finger millet1:1 STATEWISE INTER-CROPPING SYSTEMS
14. VARIETIES AND SEED SCENARIOHigh Yielding Varieties in case of niger is much less because of limited genetic variation 13 varieties of Niger have been released from 2002 to 2016 JNC-6, JNC-9, Utkal Niger-150 and BNS-10 are promising varieties Non-availability of seed of promising varieties is a constraint
15. StateVarietiesMadhya Pradesh/ ChhattisgarhJNC-6, JNC-1, JNC-9MaharashtraIGP-76, IGPN-2004-1 (Phule Karala-1)KarnatakaRCR-317, RCR-18, KBN-1OdishaGA-10, Utkal Niger-150JharkhandBirsa Niger-1, Birsa Niger-2, BNS-10GujaratGujarat Niger-1, NRS-96-1Tamil NaduPaitur-1 PREFERRED VARIETIES OF NIGER
16. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES Soil Type: Loamy soils of good depth and texture with pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. is most suited Can withstand slight alkalinity and salinity Sowing Time: Sown under rained situations in kharif and rabi as a sole crop or mixed crop with little millet, finger millet, pearl millet, groundnut or pulse crops in different StatesSeed Rate:Generally 5 kg/ha seed is required for sowing of sole crop
17. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (Contd.)Sowing Method: Crop is largely sown by broadcasting method Line sowing of 30X10 cm has been found more beneficial Seeds are mixed with sand / powdered FYM / ash to increase the bulk 20 times to ensure even distribution of seed while sowingSeed Treatment: Seed should be treated with Thiram or Captan @ 3.0 g/kg seed before sowing Seed treatment with Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) @ 10 g/kg seed gives higher yield
18. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (Contd.)Nutrient ManagementCrop is mostly grown on marginal and sub- marginal land without manure or fertilizer applicationApplication of recommended N through urea + seed treatment with PSB @ 10 g/kg seed enhances yield significantly Application of sulphur (20-30 kg/ha) increases seed yield and oil content in Niger
19. Fertilizer application:StateRecommended dose of fertilizerMadhya Pradesh10 kg N + 20 kg P2O5/ha at sowing and 10 kg N/ha 35 DASMaharashtra4 tonnes of FYM and 20 kg N/ha at sowing.Odisha20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 /ha at sowing and remaining 20 kg N/ha at 30 days after sowingBihar/ Jharkhand20 kg N +20 kg P2O5 + 20 kg K2O + 15 kg ZnSO4 as basal dozeAndhra Pradesh5 tonnes of FYM and 10 kg N/ha at sowingKarnataka20 kg N + 20-40 kg P2O5 + 10 kg K2O /ha at sowingPACKAGE AND PRACTICES (Contd.)
20. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (Contd.)Weed control:First weeding at 15-20 DASIn Odisha, Cuscuta (Cuscuta hyalina / C. chinensis) infestation has become a major problem, therefore, seed should be obtained from Cuscuta free areas Cuscuta seeds could be separated with a 1 mm sieve
21. Year(Rs. per kg)2012-1335.002013-1436.002014-1536.502015-1638.25 MSP OF NIGER
22. NUTRITIVE VALUEContains most healthy oil with high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (45-66% linolenic acid) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (13-39% oleic acid), for maintaining balance between Omega-3 and Omega-6Rich in protein (10-25%) soluble sugar (12-18%) and fibre (10-20%)
23. RESEARCHABLE ISSUESDevelopment of varieties with high seed yield and oil contentDevelopment of integrated management for CuscutaDevelopment of Integrated nutrient managementDevelopment of production technology for resource poor farmersDevelopment of IPM modules
24. ISSUES / ACTIONABLE POINTS Productivity level of Niger in Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra is less than the national average which needs to be improved by the States High Yielding Varieties production technology and with higher oil content needs to be developed by ICAR / SAUs Less than 10 year old varieties may be popularized by the major Niger growing States viz. Chhattisgarh, MP and Odisha Development of IPM modules by ICAR / SAUs
25. Thanks