YEAR 11 PE Chapter Overview ATP for energy use ATP adenosine triphosphate is used for muscle contraction This is stored in muscles in small amounts and can be converted from food fuel sources ID: 909583
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Slide1
Aerobic and Anaerobic Pathways- An Introduction to Energy Systems
YEAR 11 PE
Slide2Chapter Overview
Slide3ATP for energy use
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is used for muscle contraction. This is stored in muscles (in small amounts) and can be converted from food fuel sources.
During exercise, ATP
is broken down to adenosine diphosphate (ADP
) and phosphate molecule.
As ATP stores as depleted, resynthesis occurs to convert ADP back to ATP.3 energy systems:ATP-PC system (No O² required)Anaerobic glycolysis- Lactic acid system (No O² required)Aerobic system (O² required)
Slide4Foods and their Conversion to Energy
Food is our primary energy source.
These sources include carbohydrates, fats and protein.
Our main fuel source is carbohydrates, with protein used very sparingly.
Slide5ATP-PC SYSTEM
Immediately available, quickest source of energy (PC)
Does not require O²
Dominant energy system for first 1-5
secs
of exercise, peak power between 2-4 secsDepleted after 10 secs of exerciseOnce PC has been depleted, 50 per cent replenishment is achieved within 30 seconds of passive recovery, total replenishment takes 3+ minutes.
Slide6ATP-PC SYSTEM
U
sed
for high-intensity activities involving explosive movements such as sprinting, long
jumping and
throwing the javelin.Linked to the fitness components of muscular power and speed.PC is not used for muscle contraction, it is mainly used for resynthesising ATP. ATP is broken down to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). As rapidly as this breakdown occurs, the remaining PC is broken down to join with the ADP to form ATP again. This is the resynthesising process of ATP.
Slide7ATP-PC SYSTEM
Slide8Check Your Understanding
What
is the body’s primary source of energy
?
Why do we call upon the ATP-PC system at the start at exercise?
Slide9ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
Glycogen is broken down to form ATP.
Lactic acid is produced as a by-product to energy release
Does not require
O²
Predominant energy system for activity lasting 10-75 secs, peak power occurs between 5-15 secs.Used for activity including 100-metre freestyle swimming at the elite level, or gymnastics routines.Linked to the fitness components of muscular power and speed.
Slide10ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS
Slide11AEROBIC SYSTEM
Requires O²
Glycogen is broken down to form
ATP
without producing any by-products.At rest or during extended endurance activity, aerobic system uses fats. Fats can produce more ATP than carbohydrates, but they require more oxygen to produce the equivalent amount of ATP.Peak power occurs between 1 and 2 minutes.Dominant system for activities that are more than 75 seconds in total duration.
Slide12AEROBIC SYSTEM
3 stages in aerobic energy production
Stage
1
– the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats to produce 2 ATP molecules
Stage 2 – Kreb’s cycle, which involves the breakdown of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide. Further energy is released to resynthesise to ATP for a net production of 1 ATP molecule.Stage 3 – the electron transport stage, which involves water, heat and produces the largest yield of ATP – a total of 34 molecules
Slide13ANAEROBIC VS AEROBIC
Slide143 ENERGY SYSTEMS
The 3 energy systems
Fuel
Oxygen?
Max ATP produced (moles)
Peak power in Max effort
Typical events
By-products
Intensity
Recovery time
ATP-PC System
Small amount of stored ATP Phosphocreatine (PC) - broken down to make more ATP
NO
0.7
2-4
sec
100m jumps throws hitting
nil
95-100%
50
% in 30sec 100% in 3 min
Lactic Acid System
Glycogen - from Carbohydrates
NO
1.2
5-15 sec
200-400m 50m swim
lactic acid
85-100%
20min - 2 hr
Aerobic System
Carbohydrates Fats
YES
98 (38per mole of glycogen)
1-2 min
marathon cycling archery
H20
CO2
Heat
60-85%
up to 2-5days
Slide15Check Your Understanding
What is the by-product produced by anaerobic glycolysis?
How do the aerobic and anaerobic systems differ?
Slide16ENERGY SYSTEM INTERPLAY
A
ll three energy
systems are
activated at
the start of exercise and no single system works by itself.
Slide17400m Race example
All 3 systems begin to produce energy at the start of the event.
The ATP-PC system contributes by far the most ATP (energy) in the first 5 seconds, after this time the PC is depleted to about 50%
The Lactic Acid system is at its peak between 5-15 seconds so it becomes the major contributor as the ATP-PC system slows down from 5 seconds.
The ATP-PC system continues to supply ATP until fully depleted after around 10-15 seconds.
The Lactic Acid system continues to be the major contributor until around 30 seconds when the Aerobic system has had time to begin to supply more ATP. The Lactic Acid system begins to slow down after 30 seconds as the Aerobic system takes over more.The Lactic Acid system continues to supply some ATP for the duration – but has slowed down to avoid fatigue caused by excessive Lactic Acid accumulation.The Lactic Acid system supplies the most ATP for this event.
Slide18Check Your Understanding
Choose
either shotput, 100m or 800m event
In regards to this
event
, explain the contribution of each energy system.Explain the interplay relationship between the energy systemseg. 400m race