Personality Disorders Personality disorders - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Personality Disorders

Slide2

Personality disorders

People with personality disorders have

formed peculiar and unpleasant personality patterns.

For example, some are very secretive, some very self-centered and selfish, some suspicious all the time.

Hence

, the term

personality disorder

is used because their personalities are “off center

.”

Overview of all the types

http://ptypes.com/overviews.html

Slide3

It is pretty Common

Antisocial personality disorder

and Borderline

personality disorder

most researched

About 6 to 9% of the population will have one or more personality disorders during their life.

Slide4

Three Clusters

The main10

disorders

are grouped

into three

clustersCluster A: Odd and Eccentric Disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic)Cluster C

: Anxious

and Fearful Disorders (

avoidant, dependent

, obsessive-compulsive).

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Cluster A: Odd &

Eccentric

Paranoid Personality

Disorder

Suspicious

of other people’s motives, see everything others do as a personal attack

.Patients are overly vigilant, misread the actions of others as threatening or critical, and expect others to exploit themTypically have no sense of humour and eccentric,

seen as

hostile, jealous, and preoccupied

with power

and

control

H

ave

difficulty in relationships

Socially

isolated -

feelings of persecution

M

ay

be a sub-type of schizophrenia

Slide6

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

void

intimate

relationships and

they display little emotional responsivenessLoners, cold and indifferent towards othersLack social skills and don’t seem to want

to learn how to be socialCluster A: Odd & Eccentric

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Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Eccentric

thought and

behaviour

.

Believe in paranormal phenomenon such as telepathy and clairvoyanceCreate odd, idiosyncratic combinations of beliefs or interpret

commonplace occurrences in bizarre waysSpeech, perceptual experiences, beliefs, and behaviours are oddNot sufficiently eccentric to meet the criteria

for delusional or

hallucinatory psychotic

experiences

Cluster A: Odd &

Eccentric

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Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

Antisocial Personality Disorder

M

en

diagnosed as having

antisocial personality disorder appear charming and persuasiveCovers

up a self-centred, and, in many cases, criminal lifestyle.Causes serious problems for societyOriginally, people with an antisocial personality were called psychopathsThe label was given to those who committed ax murders.  A lack of conscience

is central to this disorder.

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ASP disorder: continued

These

people repeatedly come into conflict with the law and show little or no concern, guilt, or anxiety.

Treatment

Nothing works (not

drug or psychotherapy)

They are very smooth and agreeable on the outside and will go along with almost any treatment that is suggestedThey will cooperate, tell you they are getting better, thank

you

, and seem to be well.

But

as soon as they are released

,

they go right back to whatever

their favorite crime happened to be.  

Slide10

ASP disorder: continued

For many, there is a family history of neglect and rough treatment. The parents are often alcoholic and abusive, but there must be millions of people over the years who have had such a background and didn’t act this way.

Sociopaths don’t even abide by the

rules

usually followed by criminals.

Most

criminals have at least some standards. Measure of body chemistry and studies of genetic patterns have yielded nothing of any

real

significance toward the origin of

the sociopath’s

behavior.

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ASP disorder: continued

DSM-IV-TR criteria for diagnosis :

nonconformity,

callousness, deceitfulness

,

irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and recklessnessThis area of the brain is thought to be responsible for behavior including appropriate social behavior,

judgement, and impulse control. Antisocial personality disorder is thought to develop from

chemical

imbalances in

specific

areas of the brain.

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Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

Psychopathy

distinct

group (15-25% of

federal inmates

).Egocentric, deceptive, callous, manipulative, no remorseS

trong link to aggression, & often heinous, cold-blooded violence.Brain abnormalities have been found in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, angular gyrus, basal ganglia, and amygdala

Family factors, such as abuse

and neglect

, have also been suggested.

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Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

Borderline

Fluctuations

in mood, unstable sense

of their

identity, and instability in their relationshipsUnpredictable and impulsive, have irritability and argumentative

style2% of the population, more common in women The diagnosis has only been around since 1980.

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Borderline Personality

Disorder

Intense

and unstable relationships with other people are a major characteristic.

Very

dependent people, but they cannot admit this to themselves. So, they constantly test other people’s concern and often sabotage their own relationships.

They appear to be “clingy” and emotionally needy. However, as soon as the slightest thing fails to go their way, they become extremely angry with the other person, often insulting and belittling them.

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Borderline

In addition, they frequently use self-destructive behavior to manipulate others. Thus, they may make suicide threats and attempts, or deliberately cut themselves, or purposely have accidents.

It is as if they are so afraid of being abandoned that they are almost daring other people to do just that. Their emotions are also unstable, and they have trouble controlling their impulses. In some cases, perceptions and thoughts are quite distorted.

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Borderline

Celebrities who MAY have borderline personality disorder (However, they are not critically diagnosed)

http://www.anythingtostopthepain.com/celebrities-with-borderline-personality-disorder-possibly-not-for-sure/

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Cause of borderline?

C

auses are

not yet clear.

However it

does tend to run in families. Nature or Nurture??Children who grow up with a borderline-personality parent will know very little about how to develop and maintain healthy relationships. Angry outbursts or threats of suicide when things don’t go their way could come from imitating a parent who behaved that way.

In other words, their early home life is so chaotic and emotionally charged that it is almost impossible to separate hereditary and environmental factors.

Slide18

Use of psychotherapy

Borderline personalities are difficult to deal with in psychotherapy. Because they are so suspicious and manipulative, they have trouble developing a positive working relationship with a therapist. Consequently, they tend to switch from one therapist to another over and over again, rarely sticking with it long enough to be successful.

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Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

Histrionic

People

with HPD have a high need for attention, make loud and inappropriate appearances,

exaggerate

their behaviors and emotions, and crave stimulationOften exhibit sexually

provocative behavior, and express strong emotions Manipulative and self-indulgentAffects 4 times more

women than men

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Look at me! look at me!

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Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

Narcissistic

The person is excessively

preoccupied with issues of personal adequacy

, power,

prestige and vanity. This condition affects 1% of the population

Slide22

Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful

Avoidant Personality

Show a pattern

of avoiding

friendships and are very sensitive

to criticism and disapproval Actively avoid intimacy with others, but they desire affection,

so clearly they suffer from loneliness.

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Dependent Personality

They seek

advice, direction from others,

need constant

reassurance, seek

out relationships where they can play the submissive role.Desperately need others to assume responsibility for important aspects of their lives.Relatives of male dependent patients

are more likely to experience depression, whereas the relatives of female dependents are more likely to have panic disorderCluster C: Anxious & Fearful

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Learning disabilities

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2

- 15

%

of children

Reading Disorder: dyslexia

, 2 to 8 % of children in the elementary grades have dyslexia

Mathematical Disorder: dyscalculia, 6% of school-aged childrenWritten Expression: dysgraphia, prevalence rates are between 3 and 4

%.

Oddly, learning disabilities are more

frequently in

males than

females ( 2 to 1, to 5 to 1)