HABITAT Latin common tick because the seed resembles ticks Found all over India There are two varieties of seed Red large seed with brown swollenspots produces 40 oil Small grey seeds with bright polished brown spots produces 37 oil ID: 1032142
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "VEGETABLE POISONS RICINUS COMMUNIS( ARAN..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1. VEGETABLE POISONSRICINUS COMMUNIS( ARANDI, CASTOR)
2. HABITAT- Latin common tick because the seed resembles ticks. Found all over India.There are two varieties of seed:Red large seed; with brown swollenspots-produces 40% oilSmall grey seeds; with bright, polished, brown spots- produces 37% oil Active principlesRicin present in the residueUSES Purgative and bland oilProvides immunityAs lubricant for immuity
3.
4. In candles, cosmetic cream and soapsSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSMethod of ingestion – swallowedChewedSeverity of poisoning; mild: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain.Moderate to severeDehydration, hypotension, liver and renal dysfunctionInhalation; conjunctivitis, cough , sneezing, acute nasal inflammation, dyspnoea, respiratory distress and death
5. Injection ; generalized weakness, myalgias, hypotension, anaphylactic reaction may occur.FATAL DOSESeeds- 5 well chewed seeds. Intact seed does not digest Ricin- by injection or inhalation- 20 microgram/kgFATAL PERIOD2 DAYSManagemantIV fluids and vasopressors for hypotension. There is no antidote for ricin.Activated charcoal- if vomiting has not begin and airway is secure
6. Gastric lavageWhole bowel irrigationDemulcentsPM AppearancesGIT mucosa- congested , softened and inflamed.Erosions and submucosal haemorrhages are seenHaemorrhages in internal organsSerous cavities contains bloodFragments of seeds- found in stomach and intestines.
7. ML ImportanceManner of poisoning; accidental, suicidal, homicidalDestruction of unwanted childrenInfanticideAbortificient
8. CROTON TIGLIUM(JAMALGOTA)Grows all over IndiaCroton oil is 50% 60% by wt of seedsCroton oil is poisonous.as it contains crotinACTIVE PRINCIPLESCrotinCrotonalCrotonic acidCrotonic resinCrotonoside
9.
10. Sign and symptomsIngestionGIT; vomiting and diarrhoea, salivation, hot burning pain from the mouth to stomachSystemic; vertigo collapse, deathAPPLICATION ON SKIN; burning , redness, vesicationFATAL DOSE; seeds;4;croton oil 20 drops
11. FATAL PERIOD; 6 hours to 3 daysMANAGEMENT: symptomatic, demulsents, gastric lavageMedicolegal aspects: Accidental poisoning Swallowing of croton oil by mistakeToo large purgative doseInhaling it’s dustSuicidal and homicidal : fruit is boiled in water an added to foodPoisoning animals; to poison fish in tanksAbortificient; root and oilArrow poison: paste made by crushing small part of plants
12. ABRUS PRECATORIUS(RATTI)All parts of plant are poisonous Flowers: small and pale violet, arranged in clusters with a small stalkSeed pods; in clusters, green when immature, on maturing become dry and brown split open exposing 4-6 seedsSeeds; pea sized, bright scarlet colour with a large spot at one end. The colour may be red, white , yellow or blue or blackOdourless and tastelessWeight ; used by jewellers for weighting
13.
14.
15. ACTIVE PRINCPLES: abrin, abrineSIGN AND SYMPTOMSTopical contactOphthalmic exposure: severe inflammation of conjuctiva, localised necrosis, an infusion into the eye may run through ear duct into the throatINGESTION
16. GIT: severe irritation, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, haemorrhagic gastritis, bloody diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, pupils constricted, pulse is rapid and weak, general: cold perspiration, trembling of hands, weakness, faintness, vertigo, convulsionsINJECTION injected in the form of suiLocal : painful swelling and edema, ecchymosis and edema,oozing of haemorrhagic fluid necrosis around site of puncture
17. FATAL DOSE: abrin- 0.1 1.0 microgm/kg, seeds -1-2 crushed seedsFATAL PERIOD 3-5 DAYSMANAGEMENTTopical contact; wash eyes in running water for 10 minsInhalation: remove from exposure; maintain clear airway, ensure adequate ventilation, treat pulmonary oedema
18. IngestionRemove all seed particals from the mouth, collect remaining seeds, induce vomitting and send it for chemical examination, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, sodium bi carbonate- 10 mg orally/dayInjectionSui should be dissected outCAUSE OF DEATHCardiac failure
19.
20. PM AppearancesPuncture marks, edema and petechial haemorrhages and purulent sepsis and necrosis in the area where sui was introduced, fragment of sui in the skin, internal organs shows haemorrhages and congestedStomach; gastric lining shows congestion with submucous haemorrhagic spotsOther mucous memberanes- pleura, pericardium, peritoneum may show petechial haemorrhagesIn inhalation; lungs strongly congested
21. Medico legal aspectsUsually criminally used to destroy cattles to obtain leatherFor homicidal purposes; rarely usedAccidental poisoning : common,in children who curiously chew beautiful attractive seeds.
22. Marking Nut(semecarpus anacardium)Identification of Seeds Seeds are black, cone or heart-shaped with a rough projection at the base. They have a thick, pericarp containing the irritant juice which is brownish, oily and acrid, but turns black on exposure to air. Active Principles Semecarpol and bhilawanol
23. Signs and Symptoms When the juice is applied to the skin, it causes irritation, itching and a painful blister Later on, an ulcer may be produced with sloughing. Constitutional symptoms such as fever, painful micturition with brown color urine may be seen.
24. Orally, if a large dose of juice is taken, blisters in mouth and throat, severe GIT irritation, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, loss of reflexes, delirium, coma and death may result. Fatal dose: 5–10 g/5–8 seeds. Fatal period: 12–24 h. Treatment: Wash the contaminated part of the skin with soap and water. Bland liniments are applied. Demulcents drinks and symptomatic treatment are given.
25. Postmortem Findings Bruise-like lesion with small blisters may be seen near the angle of the mouth or lips. Blisters are also seen in the mouth and throat. Stomach: Congested and inflamed. Liver: It may show degenerative changes. Other organs: Congested.
26. MARKING NUT(SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM)BHIWA, AGNIMUKHML ARTIFICIAL BRUISES; are made on body parts to put a false charge of assaultCriminal abortion ; put on cervixInjury; thrown on body to procure injuryMalingerers- put in eyes to produce opthalmitisAccidental poisoning; commonly used by quacksHomicidal and suicidal poisoning; rare
27.
28. Capsicum annumA member of solanaceae family, Pungent odour and taste but not fatalActive principles: capsaisin and capsicinClinical featuresIn a large dose, causes burning sensation in mouth, difficulty in swallowing, pain abdomen, lacrimation, salivation, sweating, vomitting and diarrhoea, urine may turn blackSkin contact: causes irritation and reddeningEye contact: causes intense burning , lacrimation and redning
29. Fumes: irritating to eyes and upper respiratory passageTreatmentLocal site should be washed with ice cold waterSucking ice cubes or sipping ice cold waterMLITorturing or criminal purposes Accidental effect
30. Calotropis (‘Rubber Bush’) Distribution: Calotropis plant grows wild almost everywhere in India. There are two varieties—Calotropis gigantea (akdo, akand) with purple flowers and Calotropis procera (madar) with white flowers Active Principles Uscharin, calotoxin, calactin, gigantin and calotropin
31. Signs and Symptoms When the juice is applied on the skin, it becomes red with formation of blisters which excoriate later. When instilled into the eyes, it produces conjunctivitis which may result in permanent impairment of vision. When ingested, it acts as a GIT and cerevrospinal poison. There is an acrid bitter taste, burning pain in the mouth, throat and abdomen along with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Pupils are dilated, and there may be tetanic convulsions. Circulatory collapse and death may occur.
32. Fatal dose: Uncertain. Fatal period: About 12 h.Treatment: The patient is treated symptomatically; gastric lavage is done with warm water, demulcents and morphine to relieve pain.
33. Postmortem Findings Findings are non-specific. i. Dilated pupils and froth from the nostrils may be seen. ii. Stomatitis, acute inflammation of the GIT iii. Viscera and the brain are congested. Medico-legal Aspects All the parts of the plant are used in Indian medicine
34. Juice may be taken orally or applied on an abortion stick to procure abortion. It may be mixed with milk for infanticide, rarely for suicide or homicide. It may be used as cattle poison by mixing with fodder or inserting a cloth smeared with the juice inside the rectum of the animal.
35. Sometimes, it is used to produce an artificial bruise. It may be used as arrow poison. The roots of Calotropis procera are highly poisonous to cobras and other poisonous snakes, and hence used by snake charmers to control them.
36. Ergot Ergot is the dried sclerotinum of the fungus Claviceps purpurea Active Principles Several alkaloids are present, important ones are ergotoxin, ergotamine and ergometrineAction: Ergot is primarily a vasoconstricting agent. It stimulates the smooth muscles of arterioles, intestines and uterus.
37. Signs and Symptoms Acute poisoningSystem Signs and symptoms GIT Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. RS Respiratory distress, feeling of tightness in the chest. MS Tingling and numbness of hands and feet, paresthesias, cramps in muscles. Others Dizziness, dimness of vision, feeling of coldness, hypertension, dilated pupils, bleeding from nose, unconsciousness.
38. Fatal dose: 1–2 g. Fatal period: Few days. Treatment i. Stomach wash is done. Activated charcoal is given. ii. Emesis (ipecac syrup) and purgation are also useful. iii. Nitroprusside or nitroglycerin for vasospasm. iv. Prazocin, captopril, nifedipine and cyproheptidine for limb ischemia.
39. v. Vitamin A is useful in convulsive variety. vi. Phenobarbital or diazepam may be given to sedate the patient.Postmortem Findings Non-specific. Internal organs are congested. In convulsive type, degenerative changes may be seen in the posterior column of the spinal cord. In gangrenous type, there is degeneration of the intima of the arterioles with thrombus formation. Gangrenous change may be present in some parts of the body.
40. Medico-legal Aspects Poisoning is mostly accidental. Ergot is used as an abortifacient. Systemic poisoning may occur. Chronic poisoning used to occur when ergot preparation was used in the treatment of migraine or prolonged uterine hemorrhage.