Jessica Salvatore Sindhuja Sankaran amp Dazané Cole 2 Background I really have a point to prove but it can become a mental problem if you think ID: 1044178
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1. 1Lecture 7COGNITION AND PERFORMANCEJessica Salvatore,Sindhuja Sankaran &Dazané Cole
2. 2Background“I really have a point to prove but it can become a mental problem if you think too much. There is too much pressure on the track, too much expectation. Each time I am on the track, people expect me to win and beat the world record.“ (Asafa Powell, 2007)
3. 3Cognition is conceptualised in traits = relative stable internal tendencies or habits that are developed, cultivated and become ossified over time (personality).Example traits that have been related to performance in sport include:trait anxiety: stable tendency to experience negative emotions such as fear, stress and anxiety across a range of social situation-conscientiousness, perfectionism, overthinking, need for cognition, …However, this approach ignores that the link between cognition and performance is context-specific and dependent upon personal identity (which is more fluid and hence more malleable than personality traits). Current approaches to the link between cognition and performance: The three Ts The traits approach
4. 4Links cognition to self-regulation by conceptualising cognition as something that is actively deployed by a person to help them improve their performance.Example tools in sport include imagery and goal-settingThis approach sets cognition apart from the person, and fails this recognise that when imagery and goals are most effective, this is becasue they are aligned with (and become integrated with a person’s sense of (social) self.The tools approach
5. 5Focuses on thoughts about threats that have significant consequences for their performance. Examples include stereotype threat (about gender, race and age).The key thing is to recognise that the threats athletes face are social and not just personal; The threats approach
6. 6Points to the potential for social identity-based cognitions to be powerful determinants of a wide range of athletic outcomes. Social identities can be a source of threat, but also a source of inspiration that enhances performance.A social identity approach to the link between cognition and performance
7. 7shared identity is both a constraint and facilitator of thinking.placebo and nocebo effect as products of self-fulfilling expectancies.such expectations are not only ‘socially tuned’, but some people are better able to tune our expectations to others, dependent upon our identification with the source. A social identity approach to the link between cognition and performanceSport-related cognitions are not random or idiosyncratic but are shaped by social identity –based social influenceKey Point 1
8. 8shared identity provides a platform for the interpretation of feedback in ways that feed directly into performance.for example, discouraging feedback impairs subsequent performance and enouraging feedback improves it, but only when that feedback comes from ingroup source (Reese et al., 2013).feedback has most impact on athletes for which it is fitting, in ways suggested by self-categorization theory (Sankaran, 2012).A social identity approach to the link between cognition and performanceThe construal of performance-related feedback is shaped by social identityKey Point 2
9. 9A social identity approach to the link between cognition and performanceShared identity is generally a psychological asset rather than a liability for athletes and can be mobilized as a source of cognitive strengthKey Point 3stereotype threat should be reconstrued (and relabeled) as social identity threat.under which conditions will people resist existing intergroup relations and develop cognitive alternatives?development of a sense of oppositional social identity is critical to this resistance.‘We always have to believe in what is possible in life and not be hindered by history or expecations’ (Gareth Southgate after England’s unprecedented victorious penalty shootout.
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11. Conclusioncognition has a double-edged quality to performance. social identities prove to be a source of both under- and over-achievement through their power to structure cognition: they are game-changes.social identities overlooked in cognition (and sport) because of individualistic model of the person that is dominant in North America.