DNA Structure and Function FA - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

DNA Structure and Function FA

Learning Goal:

Slide2

Every nucleotide is made up of…

Sugar

Phosphate

Nitrogen baseAll of the above

Slide3

NUCLEOTIDE

Slide4

Regarding the nitrogen bases, Adenine always bonds with which one?

Cytosine

Thymine

GuanineUracil

Slide5

Rules of pairing

nucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C

1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called

complementary base pairs2 Each single DNA strand is a

polymer made of deoxynucleotide monomers

Deoxyribonucleotide

monomers are linked from phosphate to

deoxyribose

sugar in the

DNA backbone

Weak

Hydrogen bonds

join complementary base pairs of the 2 strands of the double helix to form the rungs of the DNA ladderThe strands are anti-parallel so that one strand has its phosphate group at the top & hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand, while the other is oriented oppositely.

Slide6

DNA is the directions to make what macromolecule?

Glucose

Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Slide7

Cells have 4 types of macromolecules (also known as polymers)

Polymer monomer main

funcitons

Carbohydrates monosaccharides or sugars store energy form structures

Lipids like fats fatty acids store energy or phospholipids build cell membranes

or steroids hormones, communication

Nucleic acids DNA

deoxyribonucleotides

store genetic information

RNA

ribonucleotide

allow protein synthesis

Proteins amino acids workers (tools) of the cell enzymes, regulators, structural components

Slide8

The two strands of DNA are bonded together in the middle by their…

Sugars

Phosphates

Nitrogen bases

Slide9

Slide10

If one strand of DNA had a sequence of nitrogen bases that read A C C T G A , than the complementary strand would have what sequence?

A C C T G A

C T T G A T

T G G A C T

T A A C C C

Slide11

Nitrogen Base Pairing

Adenine

and

Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form threeMakes the base pairing system extremely simple

A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

Slide12

In the following DNA molecule which is the Deoxyribose Sugar

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

Slide13

Slide14

The letter A at the bottom of the picture represents this monomer unit?

Amino acid

Nucleotide

DNA

mRNA

A

Slide15

Slide16

If your DNA ladder contains 28 sugars, how many nucleotides would your DNA ladder contain?

1

14

28

4256

Slide17

Nitrogen Base Pairing

Adenine

and

Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form threeMakes the base pairing system extremely simple

A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

Slide18

Where does DNA replication take place in a cell?

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Body

NucleusVacuole

Slide19

learn.genetics.utah.edu tour of the basics

1 What is DNA?

Molecule with 2 matching

(complementary) sidesthat wrap in a double helix. One long double helix coilsInto one chromosome.

DNA stores hereditary Information that controlsTraits.

Slide20

If a particular strand of DNA contains 20% Adenine, what percentage of Thymine can be expected in the complementary strand of DNA?

1%

10%

20%

40%80%

Slide21

Nitrogen Base Pairing

Adenine

and

Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form threeMakes the base pairing system extremely simple

A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

Slide22

Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule?

adenine-guanine

guanine-cytosineadenine-cytosine

cytosine-uracil

Slide23

Nitrogen Base Pairing

Adenine

and

Thymine must form two hydrogen bonds to be stable while Guanine and Cytosine must form threeMakes the base pairing system extremely simple

A-T and C-G pairs are the only ones physically possible

Slide24

The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?

phosphate molecules and ribose sugars

deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose sugars

phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars

deoxyphosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars

Slide25

Rules of pairing

nucleotide adenine pairs with nucleotide Thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds. A=T nucleotide cytosine pairs with guanine via 3 hydrogen bonds G ≡ C

1 A =T & G ≡C pairs are called

complementary base pairs2 Each single DNA strand is a

polymer made of deoxynucleotide monomers

Deoxyribonucleotide

monomers are linked from phosphate to

deoxyribose

sugar in the

DNA backbone

Weak

Hydrogen bonds

join complementary base pairs of the 2 strands of the double helix to form the rungs of the DNA ladderThe strands are anti-parallel so that one strand has its phosphate group at the top & hydroxyl on the bottom of the strand, while the other is oriented oppositely.

Slide26

Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____.

a short molecule

the shape of a double helix

a protein molecule

the genetic material

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