Protection and Opportunities Venkatachalam Anbumozhi Director Research Strategy and Innovations G20 Global Forum on Climate Smart Agriculture for Food Security Indore 13 February 2023 2023 ID: 1020926
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1. Climate-Smart Agriculture for Livelihoods Protection and OpportunitiesVenkatachalam AnbumozhiDirector, Research Strategy and Innovations G20 Global Forum on Climate Smart Agriculture for Food Security, Indore 13 February 2023 2023
2. Source: FAOSTAT, 2023; World Bank, 2022; GermanWatch, 2021 G20 member Country% of Agricultural GDP (2021)% of Employment in Agriculture ILO Estimates (2021)Prevalence of Undernourishment (% of population) 2019Gini CoefficientClimate Risk Index Score (2019)Argentina6,877,703,9042.377.00Australia2,272,402,5034.34.,67Brazil6,899,702,5048.979.50CanadaNA1,302,5033.387,33China7,2623,992,5038.256.33France1,632,502,5029.341.67Germany0,801,302,5030.938,17India16.7744,0015,3035.738.50Indonesia13.2829,006,5037.674,00Italy1,964,102,5032.939,00JapanNA3,202,5032.964,83Mexico3,8412,307,2045.465,50Korea, Rep.1,845,302,5031.485,17Russian Federation3,805,802,5036.048,50Saudi Arabia2,312,703,90100.33South Africa2,4321,306,5063.076,00Turky5,6517,102,5043.4111.83United Kingdom0,601,002,5033.565,00United StatesNA1,702,5041.523.83European Union1,634,142,5330.1NAClimate Risks and Inequality : A pre-requisite to the CSA approach by G20
3. 3With Climate Change by 2050 YieldRice 14-26%Wheat 32 – 44%Maize 2-5%Soybean 9 – 18%PriceRice 29-37%Wheat 81-102%Maize 58-97%Soybean 14-49%
4. 4CSA gives a different picture of Livelihood Protection and Resilience Opportunities for Small Scale Farming HouseholdsAdaptation BenefitTemperature changeYield change (%)Rainfall < 2 o C2 - 4 o C> 4o CIncrease301917Decrease91115Key CSA measures for Small Farmers Change in crop varieties Alterations in cropping pattern Wider use of water harvesting technology Improved drainage condition Using climate forecasting systemsSource: ERIA, 2019Source: After Ion 2007
5. CSA In South East Asia – A reality check?Source: ERIA, 2018CSA is largely reactive & autonomous so-far! In ASEAN
6. CSA Opportunity and Livelihood Opportunity – A continuumCSA focusBenefit in theabsence of CCExampleVulnerability reduction Response to impacts100% 0%China: Providing farmers drought tolerant varieties & training for water saving methodsINDIA: Teaching officials to collect climate data and integrate in their planning decisionsFIJI: Coastal zone protection with vegetative buffers like mangrovesBANGLADESH: Constructing shelters in response to frequent cyclonesNon-structural StructuralType
7. CSA and Livelihood Protection capacity Could be improved through Insurance Mechanisms
8. SECTORAL ADAPTIVE CAPACITY Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7PILOT INVESTMENTSTARGETTEDCOMMUNICATIONAWARNESSRAISINGMAINSTREAMINGStep 1: Building Scientific understanding & CapacityStep 2: Targeted information & training forPolicy makers and planners Step 3: Pilot activities involving governments, private sectors &CBO Step 4: Building lessons to policyto make adaptation part of BAUStakeholders: Policy Makers & Planners Knowledge institutes Community organizations Private companiesDevelopment partnersSteps in Building Decision Making Capacity
9. 9Barriers to Mainstreaming CSA for Livelihood ProtectionUncertainties in economic costs and CSA scienceLimited public awarenessLimited structural & non-structural measuresWeak human resourcesWeak public & private finance Adapting to CSA is too costlyKnowledge GapCapacity GapFinance Gap
10. 10Improved CSA and Resilience is Built on Four PillarsDown-scaled models, Co-benefit InfrastructureDigital TechnologiesInter–sector synergiesCrowdfundingInsurance mechanismTargets & KPI settingsImplementing GuidelinesG20
11. 11Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East AsiaSentral Senayan II 6FGelora Bung karno, SenayanJakarta Pusat 10270, IndonesiaTel : 62-21-5797-4460 | Fax : 62-21-5797-4464Email : v.anbumozhi@eria.org | Website : www.eria.orgReach us at:Thank you