Dr Kaushalendra Kumar Assistant Professor Animal Nutrition Bihar Animal Science University Patna India Email drkaushalbvcgmailcom PartII THUMB RULES OF FEEDING CATTLE amp BUFFALOES ID: 1003578
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1. Formulation of rations and feeding of dairy cattle & buffaloes during different phasesDr. Kaushalendra KumarAssistant Professor (Animal Nutrition), Bihar Animal Science University, Patna, IndiaE-mail: drkaushalbvc@gmail.com(Part-II)
2. THUMB RULES OF FEEDING CATTLE & BUFFALOESWhile considering the feeding schedule of adult dairy animals, proper consideration should be made for the purpose for which the animal has to be fed. These are maintenance ration, gestation ration & production rations.MAINTENANCE RATIONThis is the minimum amount of feed required to maintain the essential body processes at their optimum rate without gain or loss in body weight or change in body composition.
3. Under such circumstances compound concentrate mixture which provides at least 20% protein (14-16% DCP) and 68-72% TDN. For palatability & laxative, variety of feed should be included in the feed & balanced with minerals & vitamins.The amount of concentrate mixture and straw, which provide maintenance requirement for adult dairy cattle such as;
4. GESTATION RATIONIn the case of pregnancy, from 5th month onwards more nutrients should be provided for proper growth of foetus & to prepare the mother to produce more milk production on calving. For this in addition to maintenance ration 1 to 2 kgs of concentrate mixture is recommended.
5. PRODUCTION RATIONProduction ration is the additional quantity of ration for milk production over & above the maintenance requirement. For cows 1 kg concentrate is required for every 2.5 kgs of milk & for buffaloes 1 kg for every 2.0 kgs of milk produced.
6. Formulation of ration for different class of animals (Heifer, Milch cows, Pregnant, bull and bullocks)In computation of ration for cattle & buffaloes, the prime considerations is to ascertain & meet up the total requirement in terms of……………. 1. Dry matter (DM) 2. Digestible crude protein (DCP) 3. Total digestible nutrients (TDN)
7. Requirement for Dry matterRequirement of the quantity of DM depends on the BW of the animal & also with nature of its production.Cattle will generally eat daily 2 - 2.5 kg DM for every 100 kgs BW. Buffaloes & cross-breed animals are slightly heavy eaters & their DMI varies from 2.5 - 3.0 kg per 100 kg BW. The DM should be given as given below:
8. For example cross breed cow weighing 400 kg the requirement are as follows;
9. Requirement for D.C.P and TDNThese requirement for only maintenance or production or pregnancy are as follows;
10. IMPORTANT TIPS ON FEEDING OF DAIRY ANIMALS Green fodder must be chopped before feeding to the dairy cows for better utilization.If possible, soak the concentrate mixture in water for 6-8 hours & then feed to the animals. Required concentrate mixture, green fodder & straw may be offered either separately or mixing together as total mixed ration (TMR). Total ration to be offered daily, should be divided & offered twice (morning & afternoon) for better utilization.
11. Do not feed calcium rich feed ingredients or mineral mixture to the dairy cows 15 days before parturition, as high calcium intake during this period increases the chances of milk fever. Provide clean fresh water free of choice to the dairy animals. For easy accessibility, a cemented water tank should be constructed near to the animal shed & tank should be painted with lime at frequent intervals to make the water clean.
12. Questions?Thanks