Title: Nutritional status of North Indian obese young adults - PowerPoint Presentation

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Title: Nutritional status of North Indian obese young adults

Meenakshi

Garg

University

of Delhi,

India

Introduction

India is just behind US and China in global hazard list of top 10 countries with highest number of obese people. A country where 270 million people live below the 'poverty line', obesity seems to be a distant issue, meant for the rich kids of first world.

India is under siege: junk food, alcohol and sedentary lifestyle are leading us to silent self destruction, making one in every five Indian men and women either obese or overweight.

The US topped the list with 13 per cent of the obese people worldwide in 2013, while China and India together accounted for 15 per cent of the world's obese population, with 46 million and 30 million obese people, respectively.

According to the study, number of overweight and obese people globally increased from 857 million in 1980 to 2.1 billion in 2013. This is one-third of the world's population.

( http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/obesity-india-weighs-third-on-obesity-scale/1/365876.html)

There is a need for the assessment of the nutritional status to obtain a clear view of malnutrition in various regions of country. This will help in identifying the causes of problem and solutions to overcome the problem of malnutrition.

Keeping

this in view a study was planned to assess the

nutritional status of

North Indians.

Material and Methods

One

fifty respondents from west and north Delhi who had age between 18 to 45 years were chosen for detailed dietary

assessment.

Informed consent was taken,

nutritional survey was carried out by the 24 hour dietary recall method.

The

nutritional data collected were analyzed using Diet Soft software

. and biochemical parameter were also taken using standard methods. The

values obtained were compared with Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values for Indians (

Gopalan

et, al. 2009,I.C.M.R,

2009).

Body composition analysis was done using Omron Body Composition Monitor model HBF-375.

Data

was analyzed using SPSS 20 Version

Table 1 Socioeconomic status of Obese respondents

Number of Respondents

150

Income Group

Middle and high

Age

<30

27%

>30

73%

Religion

Hindu

95%

Muslim

4%

Sikh

1%

Marital Status

Single

11%

Married

89%

Family type

Joint

40%

Nuclear

60%

Sex

Male

39%

Female

61%

MEAN NUTRIENT INTAKE OF OBESE MALES LESS THAN 30 YEARS

NUTRIENTS

RDA

INTAKE

Calcium (mg/d)

600

600.82±348.684

(100.13%)

Iron (mg/d)

17

13.41 ±

5.099* (78.88%)Zinc (mg/d)126.1 ± 2.104* (50.83%)Protein (g/d) 6050.77± 17.666 (84.61%)Fat (g/d)2576.77± 27.959* (307.08%)Folic acid(µg/d)20038.01± 14.611* (19%)Energy (kcal)23201823.86±497.683 (78.61%)

Values are mean ± S.D. Values with * are significantly different (P< 0.05) from other group

MEAN NUTRIENT INTAKE OF OBESE MALES MORE THAN 30 YEARS

NUTRIENTS

RDA

INTAKE

Calcium (mg/d)

600

967.58±412.779

*(

161.26%)

Iron (mg/d)

17

15.49 ± 5.508 (91.11%)Zinc(mg/d)126.85 ± 2.307 *(57.08%)Protein (g/d)6062.52± 21.508 (104.2%)Fat (g/d)2596.1± 39.355* (384.4%)Folic acid (µg/d)20048.12± 18.266* (24.06%)Energy (kcal/d)23202181.93±599.177 (94.04%)Values are mean ± S.D. Values with * are significantly different (P< 0.05) from other group

MEAN FOOD INTAKE OF OBESE MALES LESS THAN 30 YEARS

FOOD ITEMS

RDI

INTAKE

Milk (ml)

300

288.46±210.311 (96.15%)

Sugar (gm)

20

11.53 ±

5.547*

(57.65%)Fat (gm)2561.15±20.325* (244.6%)Cereals (gm) 375260± 74.498* (69.33%)Other vegetables (gm)20050.76± 60.89* (25.38%)Roots and tubers (gm)20089.23± 60.202* (44.61%)Fruits (gm)10032.30±19.644* (32.3%)

Pulses(gm)

75

30.76

±

33.282

*(41.01%)

Values are mean ± S.D. Values with * are significantly different (P< 0.05) from other group

MEAN FOOD INTAKE OF OBESE MALES MORE THAN 30 YEARS

FOOD ITEMS

RDI

INTAKE

Milk

300

382.88±226.772 (127.62%)

Sugar

20

19.22± 12.245 (96.1%)

Fat

2565 ± 34.245* (260%)Cereals 375266.44± 99.113 (71.05%)Other vegetables20088.44± 73.017* (44.22%)Roots and tubers200100.77± 70.161* (50.38%)Fruits100103±130.22 (103%)Pulses75

44±

41.418

*(

58.66%)

MEAN NUTRIENT INTAKE OF OBESE FEMALES LESS THAN 30 YEARS

NUTRIENTS

RDA

INTAKE

Calcium (mg/d)

600

813.4±318.51

*(

135.56%)

Iron (mg/d)

21

12.24± 4.441 *(58.28%)Zinc (mg/d)105.48 ± 1.737* (54.8%)Protein (g/d)5551.76± 18.378 (94.1%)Fat (g/d)2069.72± 19.555* (348.6%)Folic acid (µg/d)20041.36± 16.232 *(20.68%)Energy (kcal/d)19001684.55±338.982 (88.66%)Values are mean ± S.D. Values with * are significantly different (P< 0.05) from other group

MEAN NUTRIENT INTAKE OF OBESE FEMALES MORE THAN 30 YEARS

NUTRIENTS

RDA

INTAKE

Calcium (mg/d)

600

976.74±420.17*

(162.79%)

Iron (mg/d)

21

13.29± 7.6

*(63.28%)Zinc (mg/d)105.51± 1.904* (55.1%)Protein (g/d)5555.28± 19.148 (100.5%)Fat (g/d)2087.22± 33.36* (436.1%)Folic acid (µg/d)20046.09± 20.336* (23.04%)Energy (kcal/d)19001826.06±475.083 (96.1%)Values are mean ± S.D. Values with * are significantly different (P< 0.05) from other group

MEAN FOOD INTAKE OF OBESE FEMALES LESS THAN 30 YEARS

FOOD ITEMS

RDI

Before Intervention

Milk (ml)

300

331.48±147.51 (110.49%)

Sugar (g)

20

15.92± 7.97 (79.6%)

Fat (g)

2043.7 ± 15.968* (218.5%)Cereal (g) 270222.22± 54.935 (82.3%)Other vegetables (g)200107.77± 94.557 *(53.88%)Root and tubers (g)20074.07± 55.557* (37.03%)Fruit (g)10058.51±54.399 *(58.51%)Pulses(g)

60

39.62±

38.177

*(

66.03%)

MEAN FOOD INTAKE OF OBESE FEMALES MORE THAN 30 YEARS

FOOD ITEMS

RDI

Before Intervention

Milk (ml)

300

408.92±219.061

*(

136.3%)

Sugar (gm)

20

24.3± 10.964 (121.5%)Fat (gm)2053.69 ± 29.636 *(268.45%)Cereal (gm) 270207.69± 62.743 (76.92%)Other vegetables (gm)20090.3± 79.371* (45.15%)Roots and tubers (gm)20082.46± 52.974* (41.23%)Fruits (gm)10079.07±93.853 (79.07%)Pulses(gm)60

36±

34.36*

(60%)

MEAN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF OBESE MALES

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

STANDARD

Values

Body mass index (kg/m²)

<25

28.48 ± 2.626

Waist circumference (cm)

90

97.75

± 3.01

Waist : hip<0.900.94± .058Body fat( %)10-20%30.15± 3.235Visceral fat0.5-9.513.73± 3.652

MEAN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OBESE MALES

BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Standard

OBSERVED

Hemoglobin

gm%

13-18

14.38±1.31

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

125-200

192.48 ± 44.372

High density lipoproteins (mg/dl)35-8037.08± 7.413TC:HDL3-55.31± 1.305Low density lipoproteins (mg/dl)85-130129.12± 36.041LDL:HDL1.5-3.53.48± 1.067Very low density lipoproteins (mg/dl)5-4039.21± 21.521Triglycerides (mg/dl)25-200202.31

±

107.821

Systolic blood

pressure (mm Hg)

120

131.51

± 15.134

Diastolic blood

pressure (mmHg)

80

81.74

±10.367

Blood

glucose (mg/dl)

70-110

102.93

±23.684

Insulin

micro (IU/ml)

2-25

20.19

±24.218

Pulse

rate/ min

72-80

82.37

±9.451

MEAN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF OBESE FEMALES

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

Intervention

Body mass index (kg/m²)

<25 Normal

30.4± 4.661

Waist circumference (cm)

80

107.81

± 13.328

Waist : hip

<0.800.9± 0.056Body fat20 to 30%37.99± 3.828Visceral fat0.5-9.512.57± 5.593

MEAN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OBESE FEMALES

BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Standard

OBSERVED

Hemoglobin

13-18

11.57±1.107

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

125-200

172.03 ± 31.881

High density lipoproteins (mg/dl)

35-8043.32± 9.901TC:HDL3-54.09± 0.909Low density lipoproteins (mg/dl)85-130109.59± 30.418LDL:HDL1.5-3.52.6± 0.791Very low density lipoproteins (mg/dl)5-4029.86± 19.61Triglycerides (mg/dl)25-200141.88±73.542

Systolic blood pressure

120

123.52

±16.068

Diastolic blood pressure

80

81.01

±11.745

Blood glucose

70-110

98.88

±26.048

Insulin

2-25

14.47

±11.558

Pulse rate

72-80

88.09

±9.895

CONCLUSIONIntake of iron, zinc, folic acid was significantly lower than

reccomended

amount

Intake of fat was 2-3 folds higher than recommended amount

Body fat and visceral fat were higher than standard values

Most of the biochemical parameters are at border line in males.

Public health policies should be adoptedNutrition education, physical exercise and good quality life should be encouraged

high levels of physical activity (≈1 h/d), eating low-fat diet, eating breakfast regularly, self-monitoring weight, and maintaining a consistent eating pattern across weekdays and weekends

THANK YOU