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Bits, Bytes, and Binary Bits, Bytes, and Binary

Bits, Bytes, and Binary - PowerPoint Presentation

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Bits, Bytes, and Binary - PPT Presentation

The downlow on whats going on with all those 1s and 0s inside a computer Your standard numerical system In order to understand what binary is youll have to understand first what it is not It uses a different ID: 611289

binary 000 bytes bit 000 binary bit bytes computer bits system base 174 data you

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Slide1

Bits, Bytes, and Binary

The down-low on what’s going on with all those 1’s and 0’s inside a computerSlide2

Your standard numerical system

In order to understand what binary is, you’ll have to understand first, what it is not. It uses a different

base

to count than what you’re used to.Slide3

What you know

What you know, in traditional math and counting, is called the

decimal system,

or

base-10

Decimal: relating to or denoting a system of numbers and arithmetic based on the number ten, tenth parts, and powers of ten.(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)100 = 1, 101 = 10, 102 = 100, 103 = 1,000, 104 = 10,000

Tens

174

Ones

HundredsSlide4

What Binary Is Instead

Binary is a language that is

base-2

, by contrast.

The only two numbers in Binary are

0 and 1, instead of 0-9 in base-10/decimal.20 = 1, 21 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 8, 24 = 16, etc.

Counting like this seems inefficient for a person, but it makes the most sense for computers. Computers interpret electricity, as you may remember, as 1 for on, and 0 for off. 2 states of electricity to interpret as data.

If you wanted to give a simple computer the number 174 from the last page, it looks harder to make but it actually isn’t terrible once you understand it.Slide5

Tens

174

Ones

Hundreds

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

Base-10 (Decimal)

Base-2 (Binary)

174=

2

7

2

6

2

5

2

4

2

3

2

2

2

1

2

0

10

2

10

1

10

0Slide6

Binary Is as Binary Does

Binary, being only base 2, takes that string of numbers and, recognizing it as a single unit (10101110) adds up the places that they represent.

128+

0

+32+

0+8+4+2+0 = 174This is how a computer turns electricity into data, and that data becomes everything you do on a computer.Slide7

Bits

To a computer, using binary, any of those individual numerical places are called

bits

.

A bit is a single value of 0 or 1.

A bit is represented by a lowercase “b”Apparently even the nerdiest of computer nerds thought that its full name, binary digit, was too long to say. So in the interest of efficiency, they smooshed the two words together (doing that is called a portmanteau in case you’re interested) into the word bit.Slide8

You ever hear people talk about bits?

I’ve been hearing the term bit my whole life, but I’m interested to hear how many times it makes its way into your ears.Slide9

Fun Facts about Bits

Growing up in the 80s, I remember grown-ups talking about how the Nintendo Entertainment System was 8-bit, but the Super-Nintendo system was 16-bit.

This refers to the power of the processor to count numbers and process colors. An 8-bit system could only handle binary values of 8 bits, or 8 places in the decimal system, just like our number 174 in the previous examples.Slide10

Fun Facts about Bits

They creatively worked around that limitation for high scores and point values for stomping on

goombas

and what have you, but if you’re familiar with the NES then you’ll note that often the maximum amount of something you could have was usually 255.

255 is the maximum number you can have in an 8 bit system, represented by the addition of 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255

That also mean that it could only use 255 colors, effectively called 8-bit color.Slide11

When you step up…

When you move to 16-bit, though, the processor becomes beefier, can handle larger numbers and more colors.

With 16 bits, a computer can count to 65,535 as a result.

For all of our advances in the years since the NES, the

XBoxOne

and PS4 are only using 64-bit processors, although the technology allows them to act like 8 smaller processors in one. And 64-bit processors are extremely powerful. Put 263 in your phone to see the size of that number.Slide12

Finally…

When you see Comcast and AT&T commercials on TV bragging about their internet speed in

megabits

What does that mean? How do megabits affect my download speed?

We get to talk about that now, because it fits right into the next section, bytes.Slide13

All right, Buck, this Bytes

Bytes are a unit of data measurement comprised of 8 bits.

Bytes are represented with a capital “B”.

As computers were growing and developing back in the day, it took 8 bits to tell a computer how to encode binary as a letter to show on your screen.

An encoding method for Binary popped up pretty quickly, called

ASCII, which would be able to convert Binary to text by looking up the conversion in a table. There were 128 conversions in the original ASCII, which corresponds to the 8 places in binary – 128 is the 8th position.Slide14

Byte me

As computers grow in size and scope, their ability to process large amounts of data grow as well. What started out as a very simple terminal-style computer with an 8-bit processor and an ASCII table has grown into a computer that has a 64-bit processor, and terabytes of data storage.

Bytes are counted on the metric system.

The metric system is something that you’ve probably only had to deal with in science class, but it applies here as well.Slide15

Oh, Metric, this should be easy

Kilobyte = 1,000 bytes

Megabyte = 1,000,000 bytes

Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes

Terabyte = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes

Petabyte = 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytesTry not to think too hard about the fact that we’re counting base-2 units in 8-unit bundles which are counted in base-10 denominations.Slide16

Review Exercise

My internet service constantly boasts that my download speed is 22

megabits

/second.

What is my download speed in

megabytes?How many floppy disks of information can be stored on a 2GB flash drive, if each floppy disk holds 1.4MB?Slide17

Worksheet

Uh oh!

Quiz time!