[Insert Title] [Insert organization information here] - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

[Insert Title]

[Insert organization information here]

[ Insert Organization Logo Here]

Slide2

Purpose of presentation/agenda

Slide3

Mosquitoes

Slide4

Vector Overview

Slide5

What is a Mosquito?

Mosquitos are:

Small, midge-like flies

Feed on blood of mammals

Disease transmission makes them the deadliest organism on earth

Slide6

Mosquito Life Cycle

There are four stages in the mosquito life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, adult

Egg to adult is about 7-10 days

Image courtesy of: https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/entomologyecolog/m_lifecycle.html

Slide7

Mosquito Life Cycle: Larva

The hatched larva lives in the water

Some species can attach to plants found in water, using the plant to access air to breathe.

The larva will shed its skin four times before becoming a mosquito pupa

This is a feeding stage for the mosquito

Eat algae, filter feed bacteria

©Photo courtesy of WHO/J.

Gusmao

Slide8

Mosquito Life Cycle: Pupa

Mosquito pupae also known as "tumblers”

Pupa do not eat

Image courtesy of: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/mosquitolifecycle.pdf

Slide9

Mosquito Life Cycle: Adult

Adults rise up from the water and fly away looking for their first meal and to mate.

Female mosquitoes bite

In the nature females can live 1-2 weeks, but varies between species

Slide10

Health Concerns

Slide11

Image courtesy of: The World Health Organization

Mosquito: Health Concerns

Use this area to convey health concerns related to mosquitos found in your area I.e. diseases spread by mosquitos include…

Slide12

Prevention Methods

Slide13

Use screens on windows and doors. Repair holes in screens to keep mosquitoes outside.

Use air conditioning when available.

Sleep under a mosquito bed net

Prevention: Inside

Slide14

Remove standing water in gutters, abandoned tires, buckets, toys or any container that accumulates water, tree holes, and ditches

Frequently change the water in bird baths, fountains, wading pools, and potted plant trays, animal drinking bowls

Keep swimming pool water treated and circulating.

©Photo courtesy of https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/zika-zapwebinar-5-17-16.pdf

Prevention: Removing Habitats

Slide15

Personal Protection: Repellants

Insert wanted text from infographic here

Slide16

Personal Protection: Babies and Children

Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months old

Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, cuts or irritated skin.

Adults should spray insect repellent onto hands and then apply to a child’s face.

Slide17

Personal Protection: Clothing

Wear long sleeve shirts, long pants, socks, and closed-toe shoes

Treated clothes may protect you after multiple washings. Do not use permethrin directly on skin.

Slide18

Rodents

Photos courtesy of CDC

Slide19

Vector Overview

Slide20

What is a Rodent?

Common rodents are: mice, rats, squirrels, porcupines, beavers, and guinea pigs

Rodents have sharp teeth to chew on wood, break into food, and bite predators

Most rodents eat seeds, plants, or insects

Slide21

Key Characteristics

Chew constantly to create holes and pathways (can cut wood, plastics, hoses, sheetrock, copper, wires, etc.)

Are most active during the first two hours after dusk

Make lots of babies fast

Travel the same paths nightly, staying close to walls, or any items that give them cover.

Slide22

Key Characteristics: Behavior and Habits

Travel up to 450 feet from their burrow

Prefer to live close to food and water sources

Outside infestations are usually associated with trash

Crawl spaces become infested if food trash collects along the outer foundation

Photo courtesy of https://www.possumman.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/mouse-running-along-stairs.jpg

Slide23

Key Characteristics: Signs of Rodents

Sightings

Noise: chattering, squeaking, and hissing

Chew marks

Nests

Rat burrows

Feces droppings

Holes and rub marks

Photo courtesy of https://i.pinimg.com/736x/5f/0c/a0/5f0ca021f2ed96246ce0a87fc918cf6d.jpg

Slide24

Roof Rat

Norway Rat

AKA: black rat

AKA: sewer rat, wharf rat, house rat

Roof rats nest up high

Norway rats nest within walls and ceilings or burrow in the ground outside

Live mostly in coastal states south of Washington State and north to Maryland.

Live throughout the U.S.

Average home range: 25 to 300 feet.

Average home range (in urban areas): 25 to 100 feet.

Photo source: CDC

Photo source: CDC

Common Rodents: Rats

Slide25

Common Rodents: House Mouse

One of the most common pests in the US.

Found around the world and are able to thrive under most conditions.

Average home range in buildings is 10-30 feet.

Only need a small amount of food and water to thrive.

Slide26

Health Concerns

Slide27

Health Concerns: Rodents

Carry infectious diseases

May cause asthma attacks

Bite

Damage food and property

Can attract other pests

Slide28

Prevention Methods

Slide29

Prevention: Prohibit

Close all openings larger than ¼ inch to exclude rats and mice

Repair or replace damaged vent screens

Remove all trash and debris

Trim trees, bushes and vines at least 4 feet away from the roof.

Remove heavy vegetation away from buildings and fences.   

        

                                      

https://www.cdc.gov/rodents/prevent_infestations/seal_up.html

Slide30

Prevention:

Integrated Pest Management Tools

Sanitation—eliminate food source to eliminate the rodents

Exclusion—eliminate rodent entry pathways

Traps—proper placement is critical

Rodenticides—last resort and not highly effective without sanitation and exclusion

Photo courtesy of https://health.arlingtonva.us/environmental-health/rats-mice/

Slide31

Prevention

: Sanitation

Dumpsters should be

Free of holes

Covered

Placed on cement

Screen drain holes

Empty dumpsters regularly; they should never overflow

Photo courtesy of https://mexiconewsdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/garbage-can-over-flow-600x406.jpg

Slide32

Prevention:

Eliminate Food and Water

Remove all sources of food, such as bird seeds left out for birds

Pick ripe fruit and pick up all fruit that has fallen to the ground.

Store pet food in metal containers with tight sealing lids and do not leave uneaten pet food outdoors.

Slide33

Avoid storing food in garages and storage sheds unless it is in rat-proof covered metal containers.

Keep trash cans closed at all time with tightly fitted lids.

Repair leaking faucets, sprinklers, or other piping. Keep drain covers tightly fastened and  unnecessary standing water.

Prevention:

Eliminate Food and Water

Slide34

Prevention: Traps and Rodenticides

Place traps near nesting areas or where rats are likely to hide.

Do not place traps where children or pets will disturb or be harmed by them.

Remove dead rats from traps by placing animals in tightly sealed containers for proper disposal.

Remember to wear rubber/vinyl/latex gloves

Clean and disinfect the affected areas near the traps.

Poison baits may be used when following recommended guidelines or professional rodent exterminator.

https://www.cdc.gov/rodents/prevent_infestations/trap_up.html

Slide35

Ticks

Photo courtesy of https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/index.html

Slide36

Vector Overview

Slide37

What is a Tick?

Ticks are:

Small arachnids

Survive by feeding on blood of mammals

Transmit at least 12 known diseases

Slide38

Tick Life Cycle: Eggs

4 stages in Tick Life Cycle

Eggs laid in spring hatch in the summer.

Larval

Nymph

Adult

Slide39

Tick Life Cycle: Larvae

Larvae lie on the ground, waiting for a host to brush against them.

After a blood meal, the larvae drop off and molt into nymphs during the Fall.

Photo courtesy of http://www.tickencounter.org/images/DuckTapedLarvae_920x690/DuckTapedLarvae_920x690_06.jpg

Slide40

Tick Life Cycle: Nymphs

Nymphs (the size of a poppy seed) become active in the spring and attach themselves to another host.

After a blood meal, they drop into the leaf litter and molt into adults.

Photo courtesy of https://www.ent.iastate.edu/images/ticks/aamer/aamerfandnwdime.jpg

Slide41

Tick Life Cycle: Adult

Slide42

Tick Habitats

Nymphs live in leaf mold and on the ground

Nymphs wait on the ground or on the edges of grass leaves

Adults wait on grass or leaves within 3 feet of the ground

Photo courtesy of https://gardentherapy.ca/wp-content/uploads/pep-vn/29/297dfe48/ticks-can-be-hiding-in-the-garden-a5.jpg

Slide43

Health Concerns

Slide44

Health Concerns: Spread of Disease

Tick ingests blood from an infected host.

Tick attaches itself to an unprotected person.

Ticks need to be attached for 24+ hours to transmit disease

A large rash happens in the area of bite in 70-80% of those who are infected

Photo courtesy of https://mosquitosquadblog.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/tick-bite.jpg

Slide45

Health Concerns: Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is an infection caused by a bacteria that is carried in the east and mid-west by the deer tick, and in the west by the Western black-legged tick.

During early stages of infection, Lyme disease can be successfully treated with antibiotics.

Photo courtesy of http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/ImageDB/LYM/LYM_001.jpg

Slide46

Prevention Methods

Slide47

Prevention: After You Come Indoors

Check your clothing for ticks

Tumble dry clothes in a dryer on high heat for 10 minutes to kill ticks on dry clothing after you come indoors

Shower soon after being outdoors

Showering within two hours of coming indoors has been shown to reduce your risk of reducing tickborne diseases

Image courtesy of https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/avoid/on_people.html

Slide48

Prevention: Removing Habitats

Remove leaves

Create borders between wooded areas and lawn with stone or other landscaping materials

Place plants and barriers that will keep deer away

Photo courtesy of https://i.pinimg.com/736x/5b/fc/0d/5bfc0d175018e3916571d63cab8e8b69--ticks-visible.jpg

Slide49

[End of Presentation]

Thank you!

[On this slide the Health Department can insert local contact numbers for information on pest management or other sources for the general public]

Slide50

References

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/index.html

https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/success-mosquito-control-integrated-approach#remove habitats

http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=94573

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Principal Investigator, Dr.

Russanne

Low, at IGES:

Rusty_low@strategies.org

and www.globe.gov

https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/prevention/index.html https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/index.html http://www.cdc.gov/features/StopMosquitoes https://www.cityofberkeley.info/Health_Human_Services/Environmental_Health/Control___Preventions_of_Rodents.aspx#Steps_to_Rodent_Control_

https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/life_cycle_and_hosts.htmlhttps://www.cdc.gov/ticks/avoid/on_people.htmlhttps://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html

http://www.ct.gov/caes/lib/caes/documents/publications/fact_sheets/integratedtickmanagement.pdf