Stem changing infinitives Stem changing infinitives are named for what they do change in the stem You are going to make some alteration of the stem before adding the verb endings You will use the endings you already know ID: 236853
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Slide1
Conjugate stem changers in the present tenseSlide2
Stem changing infinitives
Stem changing infinitives are named for what they do– change in the stem.
You are going to make some alteration of the stem before adding the verb endings.
You will use the endings you already know.
The hardest part of stem changers is knowing which ones change and which ones don
’
t.Slide3
Stem changers
There are 4 different ways a stem changing infinitive can change (4 categories).
The first is u
ue.
It is the smallest category with only one infinitive
jugar = to play (sports)Slide4
Jugar = to play (sports)
Separate the stem and the infintive ending.
Jug- is the stem
Make the stem change u
ue
The new stem is jueg-
Put it in the conjugation box EXCEPT nosotros and vosotros.
Nosotros and Vosotros do not make the stem change.Slide5
Jugar = to play sports
Yo
Jueg-
Nosotros/as
Jug-
Tú
Jueg-
Vosotros/as
Jug-
ÉlElla jueg-Ud.EllosEllas jueg-Uds.
Now just add the regular –ar endings.Slide6
Jugar = to play sports
Yo
Juego
Nosotros/as
Jugamos
Tú
Juegas
Vosotros/as
Jugáis
ÉlElla juegaUd.EllosEllas jueganUds.Slide7
Stem changers
The second category is one of the largest.
It is
o
ue
.
Encontrar
= to find is a stem changer.
It is the same steps as
jugar.Other examples include: acostar (to lie down), almorzar (to eat lunch), contar (to count), costar (to cost), devolver (to return something), dormir (to sleep), poder (can/to be able to), volver (to return)Slide8
Encontrar = to find
First separate the stem from the infinitive ending.
Encontr- is the stem.
Make the stem change o
ue
New stem encuentr-
Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.Slide9
Encontrar = to find
encuentro
encontramos
encuentras
encontráis
encuentra
encuentranSlide10
Stem changers
The third category is again large.
It is e
ie.
preferir = to prefer is a stem changer.
It is the same steps as jugar.
*When there is more than one vowel that could possible make the change, choose the vowel closest to the verb ending.Slide11
Other e ie verbs
Cerrar
(to close),
Comenzar
(to begin),
Despertar
(to wake up),
Divertir
(to entertain/ amuse), Empezar (to begin), Entender (to understand), Pensar (to think), Perder (to lose), Querer (to want), Recomendar (to recommend)Slide12
Preferir = to prefer
First separate the stem from the infinitive ending.
prefer- is the stem.
Make the stem change e
ie
New stem prefier-
Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.Slide13
preferir = to prefer
prefiero
preferimos
prefieres
preferís
prefiere
prefierenSlide14
Stem changers
The last category is a smaller one.
It is e
i.
servir = to serve is a stem changer.
It is the same steps as jugar.Slide15
servir = to serve
First separate the stem from the infinitive ending.
serv- is the stem.
Make the stem change e
i
New stem sirv-
Put into box– remember it will look like a boot… they are called boot verbs as well.Slide16
servir = to serve
sirvo
servimos
sirves
servís
sirve
sirvenSlide17
e
i
There are some rules that can help you distinguish between e
i and e ie.
In order to be
e
i, the infinitive must end in –ir. Now, that could be other categories as well, but –ar and –er cannot be
e
i .
MR C VeSPeRS is also a way to help if you are needing a pneumonic device.Slide18
MR. C VeSPeRS
M- medir (to measure)
R – reír (to laugh)
C – conseguir (To get/ to obtain)
V – vestir(se) (to dress)
S- servir (to serve)
P – pedir (to ask for)
R- repetir ( to repeat)
S- seguir (to follow/ to continue) Slide19
E I Verbs
MR. C VeSPeRS
does not include all the stem changers in this category. Another infinitive is
Sonreír
(to smile)Slide20
Stem Changers
I cannot give you a rule as to which verbs stem change and which ones don
’
t. These are just something that you have to learn as you continue to use Spanish.
Don
’
t forget-you have already learned all of the u ue stem-changers.