copepods and its consequences for effects of oil pollution Tjalling Jager amp Bjørn Henrik Hansen DEB symposium MayJune 2017 Context EnergyBar project RCNfunded Effects of produced water on copepods ID: 614381
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Slide1
Dynamics of lipid storage in marine copepodsand its consequences for effects of oil pollution
Tjalling Jager & Bjørn Henrik Hansen
DEB symposium, May/June 2017Slide2
ContextEnergyBar project (RCN-funded)Effects of produced water on copepodsTools for ERA offshore
petroleum activities
Calanus finmarchicusSlide3
ContextFocus on lipid storageCapture its dynamics in a DEB context?Effects on accumulation/toxicity of chemicals?Slide4
Calanus life cycle
egg N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
Acceleration of growth after metamorphosisAbrupt stop of growth after final moult
acceleration
non-feeding embryo/naupliusbirthadultadulthoodcopepoditefeeding naupliusmetamorphosisSlide5
Calanus life cycle
egg N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
non-feeding embryo/naupliusLipids clearly visible from C3 onwards:increases over C3-C5decrease in adults
acceleration
birthfeeding naupliusadultadulthoodcopepoditepubertylipid build-up
treat as ‘reproduction buffer’metamorphosisSlide6
Calanus life cycleModel design:use one switch for acceleration and pubertydepart from reserveless model (‘DEBkiss’)
treat lipid storage as reproduction bufferdifferent scheme for adults (no kappa rule)stop growth at size limit
egg N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
non-feeding embryo/nauplius
acceleration/pubertybirthfeeding naupliuscopepoditeadultadulthoodlipid build-upJager et al (2017), Mar BiolSlide7
Model fit (data Campbell et al, 2001)structure
structure+storage
temperaturesfood levels
Jager
et al (2017), Mar BiolSlide8
We’re not there yet …Open issues:maintenance estimated from respirationeffect temperature/food on final size descriptivehigh maturity maintenance to capture food limitationenergetics of gonad maturation requires attention
rules for allocation to eggs unclearSlide9
We’re not there yet …Open issues:maintenance estimated from respirationeffect temperature/food on final size descriptivehigh maturity maintenance to capture food limitationenergetics of gonad maturation requires attention
rules for allocation to eggs unclearSlide10
We’re not there yet …Open issues:
maintenance estimated from respirationeffect temperature/food on final size descriptivehigh maturity maintenance to capture food limitationenergetics of gonad maturation requires attentionrules for allocation to eggs unclearSlide11
Lipids and toxicantsHydrophobic chemicals high affinity for wax estersEffect lipid on uptake/elimination and toxicity?focus on survival (GUTS-SD or DEBtox-survival)
lipid poor
lipid richSlide12
Lipids and toxicantsCan lipids explain differences between experiments?
10
2
10
3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
external concentration (THC,
µ
g/L)
fraction surviving
CD
M
D
lipid rich
lipid poor
Hansen
et al (
2016), JTEHSlide13
Lipids and toxicantsCan lipids explain differences between experiments?‘Survival of the fattest’ (Lassiter & Hallam, 1990):two compartments to represent individualassume fast internal redistribution
Hansen
et al (2016), JTEHSlide14
Lipids and toxicantsCan lipids explain differences between experiments?‘Survival of the fattest’ (Lassiter & Hallam, 1990):two compartments to represent individualassume fast internal redistribution
fatter individuals take longer to reach steady state
Hansen et al (2016), JTEHhowever, in this case …
insufficient difference in lipid contentno shift in lipid content survivors over treatments
increasing lipid contentSlide15
Case: dimethylnaphthalene Survival and body residues over timedo not assume that lipids are fastmortality linked to concentration in ‘structure’
submitted: Jager et al …Slide16
Case: dimethylnaphthalene Survival and body residues over timedo not assume that lipids are fastmortality linked to concentration in ‘structure’
lipids are very slow …submitted: Jager
et al …
0
2
4
6
time (days)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
s
u
r
v
i
v
a
l
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
0
2
4
6
8
time (days)
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
c
o
n
c
.
,
t
o
t
a
l
(
µ
m
o
l
/
k
g
)
0 µM
1.03 µM
1.97 µM
4.83 µM
10.3 µM
29.3 µM
1.2 µMSlide17
Case:
dimethylnaphthalene
time
internal concentration
total body
time
internal concentration
structure
Simulate effect of different lipid content
submitted:
Jager
et al …Slide18
Case: dimethylnaphthalene
time
internal concentration
structure
toxicity
Simulate effect of different lipid content
Limited effect on toxicity
submitted:
Jager
et al …
0
2
4
6
8
10
time (days)
0
5
10
15
LC50 (µM)Slide19
Difference toxicity life stages
No effect lipid content … but several stages differ …
Jager et al (2016) ETCSlide20
ConclusionsLipids play important role in life cycle and toxicitystorage dynamics like ‘repro buffer’lipids affect toxicokinetics, limited effect on toxicitydifferences in sensitivity not explained by lipids …
maternal transfer and secondary poisoning?Slide21
ConclusionsLipids play important role in life cycle and toxicitylipid storage functions like ‘repro buffer’lipids affect
toxicokinetics, limited effect on toxicitydifferences in sensitivity not explained by lipids …
maternal transfer and secondary poisoning?Mechanistic models increase understandingfirst version of DEBkiss Calanus modelGUTS-SD works well for survival dataSlide22
ConclusionsLipids play important role in life cycle and toxicitylipid storage functions like ‘repro buffer’lipids affect
toxicokinetics, limited effect on toxicitydifferences in sensitivity not explained by lipids …
maternal transfer and secondary poisoning?Mechanistic models increase understandingfirst version of DEBkiss Calanus
modelGUTS-SD works well for survival dataPredictive tools for the field situation?Slide23
FundingEnergyBar 225314/E40Project output: www.debtox.nl/projects/project_energybar.html
More informationon DEBtox/GUTS: www.debtox.info
summercourse dynamic modelling of toxic effects, August 2018 (DK)