The turning point of WW2 By Keara Haack Avery Escobar Reilly Amrine Megan Sakamoto and Abby Dean Thesis Operation Barbarossa was the Nazis start to a massive invasion on the Soviet Union but Hitler had underestimated the capability of the Russian people In the battle of Leningrad Russia ID: 476243
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Slide1
Operation Barbarossa, The Siege of Leningrad, and the Battle of Stalingrad
-The turning point of WW2
By: Keara Haack, Avery Escobar, Reilly Amrine, Megan Sakamoto and Abby DeanSlide2
Thesis
Operation Barbarossa was the Nazis start to a massive invasion on the Soviet Union but Hitler had underestimated the capability of the Russian people. In the battle of Leningrad, Russia had the upper hand as the Nazis were fighting a two front war and lacked many resources. The battle of Stalingrad was the first major defeat against the axis and this lead to gained confidence in the allies ability to win and the beginning of the turning point in the war.Slide3
Operation BarabarossaSlide4Slide5
Operation Barbarossa
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Nazis goal is to exterminate Jews and enslave Slavic people.
Nazi Germany was forced to fight a two front war making it harder to win
Russia threw millions of willing civilians into war to fight against the Nazis and defend the Soviet Union Slide6
Operation Barbarossa Timeline
v
1941
v
June 22
nd
-German invasion of the Soviet Union (Barbarossa begins)
v
June 29
th
-Russian army forces are encircled at key cities across the
Soviet Union
v
July 9
th
-Soviet defenses at Brest-Litovsk, Bialystok, Volkovysk, Gorodishche and Minsk fall to the invading German Army
v
July 13
th
-The Soviet 20
th
Army arrives in Smolensk
v
July 16
th
- Smolensk falls to the German 29
th
Motorized Division
v
July 16
th
- Marshal Timoshenko and his 4
th
and 13
th
Armies near the Sozh River counter attack the Germans at Smolensk
v
July 22
nd
- The German Army begins to encircle in Soviet Army pockets held up outside of the Smolensk, Vitebsk and Mogilev.
v
July 17
th
-The German Army begins to tighten the noose around the encircled Soviet forces numbering some 25 divisions
v
July 24
th
-The German encirclement of Soviet forces is completed
v
July 22
nd
-A Soviet offensive meant to break the German stranglehold fails due to poor coordination
v
July 19
th
-A German High Command directive calls for the army to complete the destruction of Soviet forces around Smolensk and then head south to tackle forces in Kiev instead of marching on Moscow himself-this decision is viewed as the turning point to Germany’s defeat in Russia
v
August 5
th
- The Soviet defense of Smolensk is obliterated and falls taking with it the end of the Soviet 16
th
and 20
th
Armies
v
August 5
th
-300,000 Soviet prisoners, 3,200 tanks and 3,100 artillery guns are captured by the Germans at Smolensk
Slide7
Siege of Leningrad
Significant for how long it was, lasted almost 900 days
Resulted in the death of over 1 million citizens
Soviets created the ice and water road across Lake Ladoga to resupply its three million encircled soldiers and civilians.
Germany maintained their siege of Leningrad with a single army showing that taking over Leningrad was of little importance.
However, with the Soviets win, it inspired their war efforts as a whole.Slide8
Video: Siege of LeningradSlide9
Leningrad Timeline
v
Sep 1
st
- German army elements begin the shelling of Leningrad
v
Sep 15
th
-the soviet fortress at schlusselburg southeast of Leningrad falls to the Germans
v
Sep 15
th
- the Germans now control the southern end of Leningrad, cutting its citizens off from the rest of the soviet union
v
Oct 1
st
-dec 31
st
- as rations begin to run out in the encircled city of Leningrad, its citizens begin to starve
v
Dec 10
th
-the soviets retake the town of tikhvin
v
Dec 10
th
-the soviet supply route is restarted across frozen lake ladoga
v
1942
v
Jan 1
st
-july 31
st
-some 800,000 of leningrads citizens are evacuated through frozen passage above lake ladoga
v
Jan 7
th
-along the volkhov front to the south of Novgorod, the soviets launch a major offensive
v
March1st-30
th
-the whole soviet 2
nd
shock army is lost near Novgorod
v
July 1
st
-31
st
-Hitler orders two directives in the operation against Leningrad. The first calls for its immediate encirclement and the second for its immediate destruction from land and air
v
August 19
th
-sep 30
th
-a soviet offensive aimed at smashing through the German lines fails
v
Sep 25
th
-with winter upon the German army once more, Hitler orders a halt to any major offensives around LeningradSlide10
Leningrad Timeline Continued
v
1943
v
Jan 12
th
- the soviets enact operation spark and cut a path through the German lines clearing a path to Leningrad. This offers the citizens of the city some much needed food rations
v
Jan 19
th
-the soviets retake the city of Shlisselburg
v
1944
v
Jan 14
th
-soviet armies from the 2
nd
Baltic, volkhov and Leningrad fronts overtake German army group north in a massive two-week offensive
v
Jan 28
th
-German army group north is pushed away from the city of Leningrad
v
Jan 27
th
-the Moscow-Leningrad railway route is reopened in favor of the soviets
v
Jan 27
th
-the siege of Leningrad is declared by the soviet leader Stalin as overSlide11
Battle of Stalingrad
Marked the end of German advances into Eastern Europe.
It was the first major German loss during WW2
Almost all of the German 6th army was wiped out after being encircled at Stalingrad.
It was one of the biggest battles fought during WW2
Germany lost about 1,000,000 men and nearly 90,000 German officers and soldiers surrendered
One of the bloodiest battles with over 2 million casualties
Almost all of Germany’s forces from Army Group Center and large parts of Army Group South were used in the battle, which made it nearly impossible to win the war on two fronts.Slide12
Stalingrad Timeline
v
August 7
th
- German army attacks soviet forces near Kalach
v
August 25
th
-stalingrad is officially under siege by the German army
v
Sep 3
rd
-Germans enact an offensive aimed at the heart of Stalingrad
v
Sep 15
th
-the Soviet Army is unleashed on Voronezh
v
Oct 9
th
-The Soviet government hands all military powers to the soviet army
v
Oct 14
th
-Adolf Hitler stops all further offensives against Soviet and orders his commanders to hold their positions until 1943
v
Nov 19
th
-Soviets enact part 1 of Operation Uranus
v
Nov 20
th
- part 2 is enacted
v
Nov 22
nd
-Soviet Army encircles German 6
th
Army at Stalingrad
v
Rest of 1942-Soviet continues to capture cities
v
1943
v
Jan 8
th
-Soviet Generals send in formal request for surrender of the German 6
th
Army (it is rejected)
v
Jan 14
th
- Germans ask the Baltic people for service
v
Jan 17
th
-German Panzer Corps at the Don are officially surrounded
v
Jan 25
th
-Soviet offensive splits the German 6
th
army at Stalingrad
v
Jan 25
th
-German forces retreat
v
Jan 31
st
- Germans formally surrender to Soviet
v
Feb 2
nd
-Stalingrad officially overSlide13
Location and Movement
-Hitler launches his armies eastward to invade the Soviet Union
-covered a front from the North Cape to the Black Sea
-First month of Operation Barbarossa
→ German armies deep in Soviet territory
→
panzer armies encircled large Soviet forces at Minsk and Smolensk,while armored spearheads reached two-thirds of the distance to Moscow and Leningrad. Slide14
Key Facts:
Operation Barbarossa:
Barbarossa was the
crucial
turning point in World War II, for its failure forced Nazi Germany to fight a two-front war against a coalition possessing immensely superior resources.
Barbarossa had three primary objectives – the Baltic states and Leningrad in the north, Moscow in the center, and the economic resources of the Ukraine and southern Russia in the south
Codenamed “Barbarossa” after a 12th-century Holy Roman Emperor who won land for the Germans from the Slavs.
“Commissar Order” included killing every communist official
Frustrated by the failure of Barbarossa, Hitler vented his anger against the Jews of Western and Southern Europe, reasoning that they all somehow shared responsibility for German setbacks in the East.
Siege of Leningrad (900-day siege):
German bombers dropped propaganda leaflets on the city, claiming the city would starve to death if they didn’t surrender
Starvation was Germany's greatest weapon
Citizens resorted to cannibalism
Hitler and Alfred Jodl issued an order that Leningrad must be taken without giving the Russians any chance to surrenderSlide15
Key Facts (Cont.)
Battle of Stalingrad:
Marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies.
Stalingrad became a desperate ordeal of rodent like scurrying from hole to hole.
Germans saw the conquest of Stalingrad as essential to their campaign in southern Russia
Urban street fighting of the most bitter sort, occasioning tremendous losses on both sides.
Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a great humiliation for Hitler, who had elevated the battle’s importance in German opinionSlide16
Effects
Operation Barbarossa marked significant setback for German military
Siege of Leningrad inspired soviet war efforts
Battle of Stalingrad first major German loss, halting Hitlers advance on eastern frontSlide17
Work Cited
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/operation-barbarossa
http://mentalfloss.com/article/28033/operation-barbarossa-biggest-military-adventure-history
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/siege_of_leningrad.htm
http://www.secondworldwarhistory.com/operation-barbarossa-the-drive-on-smolensk.asp
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-stalingrad
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_of_stalingrad.htm
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/562720/Battle-of-Stalingrad
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/ww2/Stalingrad.html
http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/07_World-War-Two/pictures/1942-43%20Stalingrad-02.jpg
https://theundergroundgirls.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/stalingrad1.jpg
http://i019.radikal.ru/1407/9c/b5278d045d0a.jpg
http://ww2today.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Ladoga-ice-road-april-1942.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JauUWXgnCBo/UQ0xNwm1tEI/AAAAAAAAFZw/oeQmMqTps2Q/s1600/ScanImage12.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1981-149-34A,_Russland,_Herausziehen_eines_Autos.jpg