Comunicación y Gerencia Problems with the Catholic Church Political Power The Church was focused on keepingregaining its Medieval political power Heresy An opinion that conflicts with official church beliefs ID: 476883
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Slide1
The Reformation
Comunicación y GerenciaSlide2
Problems
with the Catholic Church
Political Power:
The Church was focused on keeping/regaining its Medieval political power
Heresy
:
An opinion that conflicts with official church beliefs
All heretics are either excommunicated or executed
Simony
:
Paying for a position in the clergy
Indulgences
:
Paying money for sins to be forgiven without penance
Covenant
of Works
:
Must continually do good deeds if you want salvation
Did not apply to higher clergySlide3Slide4
Martin Luther
95 Theses
:
List of 95 problems Luther had with the church
Nailed the list to the church door at Wittenberg
Salvation:
How a soul is saved
Luther believed Jesus is the only way to salvation
Sola Fide:
“Faith alone” (against the “Covenant of Works”)
Sola Scriptura
: “
Scripture alone” is the truth; not open to interpretation by priests
Priesthood of All Believers:
Clergy are not better than any one else
You do not need to pray through a clergy member
Anyone can study the Bible or preach if he feels calledSlide5
Results
Diet of Worms
: 1521
Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V asked Luther to abandon his ideas
Luther refused, and his writings were outlawed by the ChurchSlide6Slide7
Results
Diet of Worms
: 1521
Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V asked Luther to abandon his ideas
Luther refused, and his writings were outlawed by the Church
Peace of Augsburg:
1555
Charles V forced to compromise with German princes who wanted to follow Luther’s new ideas
Each German ruler allowed to choose the religion of his state
Most chose Lutheranism over the Catholic ChurchSlide8
Sects
Henry VIII and the Anglican Church
:
Henry was a devout Catholic
Wanted a divorce from his wife because she had not given birth to a son and she was getting too old to have children
Pope refused to grant the divorce
Henry withdrew England from the Catholic Church
Created Church of England (Anglican Church) and was originally very similar to Catholicism
Henry divorced two wives, beheaded two more, one died, and one outlived him; he only had one son (who died at age 16)Slide9Slide10Slide11
Sects
Calvinism
:
Influenced by Erasmus (Northern Humanist)
Believed Church should be simple, not ornate; “4 walls and a sermon”
Predestination:
God decided at the beginning of time who to save (“The elect”); must live by a high moral standard
Self-discipline:
Lifestyle of the elect; completely dedicated one’s life to God’s wishes; no dancing, card playing, foul language, “showy” dress…
etcSlide12Slide13
Sects
Huguenots
:
French Calvinists (France was mostly Catholic)
Catholic monarchs feared the Huguenots
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572):
Bloody civil war of French Catholics versus the Huguenots; Catholics massacred thousands of HuguenotsSlide14Slide15
Sects
Huguenots
:
French Calvinists (France was mostly Catholic)
Catholic monarchs feared the Huguenots
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572):
Bloody civil war of French Catholics versus the Huguenots; Catholics massacred thousands of Huguenots
Edict of Nantes (1598):
King Henry IV gave Huguenots freedom of worship and some political rightsSlide16
Start of the Catholic Reformation
1530s:
Catholic Church’s efforts to fix corruptions in the church and stop the spread of Protestantism.Slide17
Goals of the Catholic Reformation
Revive the Catholic faith
Combat heresy
Officially define Catholic doctrine
Slow/halt the spread of ProtestantismSlide18
The Council of Trent
1545-1563:
Defined official church positions on matters of doctrine
Outlawed indulgences, increased pressure on clergy to behave better, and declared salvation is earned by obeying church rituals as well as faith.Slide19
Results of the Reformation
Birth of several new churches
Fixed many of the Catholic Church’s corruptions
Large decrease in power of the Catholic Church in Europe
Large increase of interest in education in Europe
Increased power of national governments and decreased power of the Pope