The Asbestos Institute 20033 N 19 th Ave Bldg 6 Phoenix AZ 85027 602 8646564 wwwtheasbestosinstitutecom BACKGROUND HISTORY AND USES OF ASBESTOS THE A SBESTOS INSTITUTE An introduction to asbestos use and issues in the United States ID: 1021140
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1. OSHA CLASS II WORKERTransite pipeThe Asbestos Institute20033 N. 19th Ave., Bldg 6Phoenix, AZ 85027(602) 864-6564www.theasbestosinstitute.com
2. BACKGROUND, HISTORY AND USES OF ASBESTOSTHE ASBESTOS INSTITUTEAn introduction to asbestos use and issues in the United States
3. Asbestos Containing Material (ACM), a proven human carcinogen, exists in millions of buildings today in the United States. When those buildings are remodeled or demolished, asbestos fibers become airborne. This results in an occupational exposure to the workers involved, and when waste is generated and handled, an ambient air exposure to the environment which may endanger the public health. Therefore, this disturbance is heavily regulated by both OSHA and EPA.
4. Asbestos is the most heavily litigated hazardous material that we have to deal with in the hazardous material control industry. As a result of this, it is also the most heavily regulated hazardous material that we have to deal with.Right or wrong, asbestos has the ability to put even the largest multi-billion dollar corporations into bankruptcy. There are about 250,000 lawsuits pending right now in the court systems in this country.
5. WHAT IS ASBESTOS?Any of a group of naturally occurring minerals with silicate composition, crystalline structure, and fibrous form.
6. A Fibrous Rock
7.
8. TEM Photograph at 20,000 Powerm
9. ASBESTOS MINERAL GROUPSTremoliteAnthophylliteActinolite
10. CHRYSOTILEMost common variety in U.S.95%Very high tinsel strengthMuch stronger than steel
11. AMOSITE ; CROCIDOLITE5% of asbestos in the U. S.Mined only in South AfricaStiff, straight, brittle fibersVery difficult to wetMore hazardous to work with
12. ASBESTOS MINERAL COLORSCHRYSOTILE: WhiteAMOSITE: BrownCROCIDOLITE: Blue
13. PROPERTIES OF ASBESTOSHEAT RESISTANCEINCOMBUSTABILITYSOUND ABSORPTIONFRICTION RESISTANCEMECHANICAL STRENGTHCHEMICAL (ACID) RESISTANCEELECTRICAL RESISTANCEBACTERIAL RESISTANCEBIOLOGICAL RESISTANCEWATER RESISTANCE WEARABILITYIn addition to all that, it was the most inexpensive additive available to accomplish any or all of these needs!
14. HISTORY OF ASBESTOS USE
15. Written documentation of use goes back about 2500 years into Greek civilizations.Commonly called Rock FlaxUsed much the same as cotton or woolSpun into yarn, woven into textile products such as lamp wicks“Asbestos” means inextinguishable or unquenchable
16. About 2000 years ago, a Roman physician/historian wrote that ‘the slaves who worked with the rock flax commonly came down with breathing illness, and some died’.
17. When the United States became a country, the economy was mainly agrarian. There was little or no use for knowledge of asbestos
18. But, in about 1850, the United States entered into the ‘Industrial Revolution’.
19. Steam was the power which drove industry
20. Without adequate insulation and protection, uncontrolled steam generation resulted in explosions and fire.Building fires, spread from rooftop to rooftop by flammable, lightweight roofing materials were responsible for one of the first commercial uses of asbestos in the U. S.(Henry Ward Johns & Italian asbestos)
21. THE FIRST MAJOR USE OF ASBESTOS IN THE UNITED STATES WAS TSI:PIPESBOILERSTANKSTHIS USE DATES FROM ABOUT 1890(Henry Ward Johns & Canadian asbestos)
22. ASBESTOS COMPOUNDS SUCH AS PLASTER & CEMENT CAME INTO USE ABOUT 1920, FOLLOWED CLOSELY BY “TRANSITE” PANELS & PIPE.ABOUT 1935, SPRAY-APPLIED FIREPROOFING BEGAN TO BE USED ON STRUCTURAL STEEL IN HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION.
23. WORLD WAR II EXPLODED ASBESTOS USE FROM 1941 UNTIL 1945 AS A “STRATEGIC PRODUCT” IN THE WAR EFFORT.HUGE TONNAGES WERE PRODUCED FOR USE IN THE SHIPBUILDING AND WARTIME INDUSTRIES.
24. ASBESTOS PRODUCTION & MANUFACTURING RETURNED MAINLY TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.IN A SHORT TIME AFTER THE END OF THE WAR, ASBESTOS WAS BEING USED IN OVER 3000 DIFFERENT PRODUCTSTHE WAR ENDED IN 1945
25. USES OF ASBESTOS
26. USES OF ASBESTOSFIREPROOFINGTHERMAL INSULATIONCONDENSATE CONTROLACOUSTICAL INSULATIONDECORATIVE APPLICATION
27. USES OF ASBESTOSSIDINGROOFINGBASE MOLDINGSASBESTOS CEMENT PANELS & SHINGLESASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE
28. USES OF ASBESTOSSHEET ROCKSTUCCOFELT PAPERSCAULKINGPAINTSCEMENT MIX
29. USES OF ASBESTOSSHEET VINYLVINYL FLOOR TILE (VAT)CEILING TILETEXTILESOVENSRUGS - CARPETSHAIR DRYERS & APPLIANCES
30. USES OF ASBESTOSCURTAINSTHEATER SCENERYSIMULATED SNOWCAR BRAKES, CLUTCHES & TRANSMISSION DISCS
31. USES OF ASBESTOSROOFING 1860PAPER PRODUCTS 1900PRE-FORMED PIPE INSUL. 1920 CLOTH, ROPE, TAPE PLASTER, CEMENTTRANSITE PRODUCTS 1930SPRAY-APPLIED PRODUCTS 1935FLOORING PRODUCTS 1950(Architectural Finishes)World War II
32. The “window in time” when most different asbestos products were installed in buildings, was 1945 to 1980.1945, because of post-war research & development, and 1980 because of (1) EPA bans and (2) property damage liability.Probably the peak year of asbestos use in building materials was about 1972.
33. OSHA CLASSES OF ACM:Class I Material:FRIABLE SURFACING MATERIALTHERMAL SYSTEM INSULATION (TSI)Class II MaterialEverything Else
34. SURFACING MATERIALSprayed or troweled on material that is friable or crumbly
35. SURFACING MATERIALFIREPROOFINGCEILING TEXTURESPRAYED ON ACOUSTICAL
36.
37. TSI(THERMAL SYSTEM INSULATION)MECHANICAL SYSTEM INSULATION USED FOR HEAT TRANSFER OR CONDENSATE CONTROL
38. TSI(THERMAL SYSTEM INSULATION)PIPE INSULATIONDUCT INSULATION TANK INSULATIONBOILER INSULATION
39. Tank and Pipe insulation
40. CLASS II MATERIALANYTHING THAT IS NOT TSI OR SURFACING
41. CLASS II MATERIALROOFINGFLOORINGWALLBOARDCEILING TILETRANSITEMASTICS
42. Transite Pipe and Panels
43. MATERIAL THAT, WHEN DRY, MAY BE CRUSHED, PULVERIZED, OR REDUCED TO POWDER BY HAND PRESSUREFRIABILITY IS THE MAIN APPLICABILITY TRIGGER FOR EPA. AS A GENERAL RULE OF THUMB, EPA WILL HEAVILY REGULATE FRIABLE, AND WILL ESSENTIALLY NOT REGULATE NON-FRIABLE ACM.FRIABLE ACM:
44. You can usually see asbestos bundles in transite pipe by looking at it!However, the only way to prove that it is not ACM is to have an AHERA certified inspector collect bulk samples and have them analyzed by PLM at a laboratory accredited by NVLAP.(otherwise you must assume that the material does contain asbestos, and treat it as such)
45.
46. ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES FOR ACM:PLM (Polarized Light Microscopy) - Used for bulk sample analysis onlyPCM (Phase Contrast Microscopy) - Used for air sample analysis onlyTEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) - Used for final clearance air sample analysis under AHERA
47. ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES FOR ACM:Laboratories analyzing PLM bulk samples or TEM final clearance samples must be accredited by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) through the NVLAP (National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program).
48. ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES FOR ACM:ANY MATERIAL CONTAINING GREATER THAN 1% ASBESTOS BY PLM IS ACMU. S. EPA ESTIMATES THAT THERE ARE OVER 3600 DIFFERENT PRODUCTS WHICH CONTAIN ASBESTOS!