Varieties of Thinking Garry Jacobs - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Varieties of ThinkingGarry JacobsCEO, World Academy of Art & ScienceChairman of the Board & CEO, World University ConsortiumVice-President, The Mother's Service Society

2. Concept formationAbstract conceptsLogical reasoning Conceptual systemsMathematics

3. Evolution of MindAristotleSocratesPlatoArchimedesDa VinciGoetheMartin LutherDescartesTolstoyNewtonEinsteinMarxConfucius

4. Physical MindPractical adaptationObservation Memory

5. Mimetic or Social Mind Imitation of NatureImitation of human behavior

6. Symbol formation Symbols = Ideas + PowerImages SignsInsigniasNumbersAlphabet

7. Invention DiscoveryReligionCommerce PhilosophyScienceArtsImagination

8. What is thinking? Relating two or more sensations, memories, objects, people, actions, events, feelings, facts, thoughts, ideas, valuesRelation of facts generates thoughtRelation of thoughts generates ideasRelation of ideas generates conceptual systems X + Y = ?Typewriter + TV = PCPC + Network = InternetE = MC2

9. Faculties of ThinkingRelationshipDiscriminationCompare & ContrastMeasurementCategorizationOrganizationJudgment DefinitionInference Deduction

10. Characteristics of Mental KnowingPerceives indirectly through the senses Creates thought-symbols to represent realityProceeds linearly from thought to thoughtDivides reality into smaller partsAggregates the parts to reconstitute the wholeConstructs concepts and conceptual systems out of the piecesSeparates the observer from the objectConcentrates by self-limitation and self-absorptionViews reality from a single perspective and set of premises

11. Analytic ThinkingDivides reality into smaller parts and studies each as the wholeCompartmentalize everything into categoriesStudy each subject as if it were independent Reduces causality to the lowest common denominator

12. Achievements of Analytic ThinkingStandard model of the atomPeriodic table of elementsStructure of molecules Varieties of species Genetics of DNAPhysiological processesComputer analysis Artificial intelligence

13. Limitations of Analytic ThinkingReduces complex reality to basic constituentsFragments knowledge Divides related fields Constructs models divorced from reality Ignores significant differences “Willful Ignorance”Replaces clinical expertise with statistical analysis Reduces behavior to chemical-electrical impulsesReduces human relations to fixed patternsReduces individual uniqueness to general types57% H20

14. Synthetic, Systemic, Ecological ThinkingFocus on the interconnectedness and interdependence of reality Recognizes complexity Strives to conceptualize the whole

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16. Achievements of Systems ThinkingElectric network theoryMechanical engineeringLogic modeling Evolutionary biologyINTERNET

17. Transdisciplinary systems research Information theoryArtificial intelligenceRoboticsMedical scienceEconomic systemsBiologyCognitive scienceManagementSociologyEarth sciences

18. Transdisciplinary principlesFeedbackSystem dynamicsEmergenceSelf-organizationSelf-reproduction – autopoiesisComplexity

19. Limitations of systems thinkingMechanization of reality Reduces human behavior to systems rules Suppresses the subjective dimension of reality Suppresses individual differences and uniqueness  

20. Integral, Organic Thinking Sees the whole greater than the sum of its partsUnifies the objective and subjective dimensionsReconciles individuality with collectivityAll knowledge seeks unity

21. Integral ConceptionsBeautyHarmonyTruthMindLifeHappinessPeace Personality SocietyHealth

22. Insight and IntuitionOur self-awareness is knowledge by identityPerceives the truth in ambiguity and paradox Reconciles opposites & contradictions within a larger unity The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a society that honors the servant and has forgotten the gift.Albert Einstein

23. All is in each, each is in all

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