OL Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to Outline the simple structure of DNA 2 strands and ATC G complement Distinguish between coding and non coding structures ID: 1044161
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1. Deoxyribonucleic AcidDNA
2. O.L Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson you should be able to Outline the simple structure of DNA – 2 strands and A,T,C, G complementDistinguish between coding and non coding structuresDescribe the triplet base codeOutline the structure of RNA – refer to Uracil and complement to DNAKnow the function of mRNADiscuss the replication of DNA
3. What is DNAHereditary material Carries and passes on genetic informationIt is a nucleic acidMade up of nucleotides
4. The DNA Double HelixTwo parallel strands Each with a series of bases to the insideThe bases are directly opposite each otherThe bases link each other in pairsThese links form the steps of the ladder
5. The DNA Double HelixParallel StrandParallel StrandBaseBaseHydrogen bond- link
6. The Bases Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
7. The Base Pair RuleThe bases can occur in any sequence along a strand of DNABut the sequence must be complimentary to the sequence on the other strand
8. The Base Pair RuleAdenine can only join to Thymine A TGuanine can only join to Cytosine G C
9. http://www.zerobio.com/drag_gr9/DNA/dna.htmBuilding DNA
10. Building DNAhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/builddna/
11. Learning CheckWhat does DNA stand for?Name the four bases in DNAWhich base complements Adenine?Which base compliments Guanine?
12. Non Coding DNAOnly about 3% of DNA is composed of genes97% of DNA is non coding DNA or junk DNA
13. Coding DNAThe parts of DNA that contain information to make RNA or proteinCoding DNA in genes are called exons
14. Non Coding DNADo not contain critical information for the production of proteinThey are now thought to play a role in gene expressionNon coding DNA within genes is called introns
15. Learning Check Label a gene and a piece of non coding DNA in the following picture
16. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Operates with DNA to make proteins Has Uracil instead of Thymine
17. Differences between DNA and RNADNADouble strandSugar is deoxyriboseHas ThymineVery longSelf replicatingFound only in the nucleusRNA Single strand Sugar is ribose Has Uracil Short molecule Not self replicatingFound in nucleus and cytoplasm
18. Similarities between DNA and RNABoth are nucleic acidsBoth contain adenine, guanine and cytosine nucleotidesOperate together to produce specific proteins
19. Learning CheckWhat does RNA stand for?What three bases do DNA and RNA have in common?What base does RNA have instead of Thymine?Where do you find both DNA and RNA?Where else will you find RNA?
20. H.L ObjectivesAt the end of this section you should know …..DNA structure – deoxyribose sugar, sugar, phosphate and 4 named nitrogenous basesNucleotide structureSpecific Purine and Pyramidine couples – complementarybase pairsHydrogen bondingDouble helix
21. Nucleic Acid StructureHigher Level
22. NucleotidesNucleotides are carbon ring structures containing nitrogen linked to a 5-carbon sugar (a ribose)5-carbon sugar is either a ribose or a deoxyriboseIn eukaryotic cells nucleic acids are either:Deoxyribose nucleic acids (DNA)Ribose nucleic acids (RNA)
23. OHOCH2SugarHHHA NucleotideOHNH2NNNNBasePOOHHOOPhosphate2’3’4’5’1’H+-
24. Coding and Non Coding PartsNon coding Structures Sugar – PhosphateCoding Structures Base Sequences
25. Purine BasesAdenine and Guanine Double ringed molecular structures Known as Purine Bases
26. Pyrimidine BasesThymine and Cytosine single ringed structures Known as Pyrimidine bases
27. PyrimidinesNH2ONNNHNGuanineNNAdenineNNNH2NONH2NONH2NCytosinePurinesUracil(RNA)CH3NONONHNONONHThymine(DNA)
28. Base NumbersNumber of Purine Bases = Number of Pyrimidine BasesThis led to the discovery of Base Pairing
29. NOHNONNHCytosineHONNNNNHHGuanine-+++--Base PairingGuanine And CytosineThree Hydrogen Bonds
30. CH3NONONH+-ThymineNNNNHNH-+AdenineBase PairingAdenine And ThymineTwo Hydrogen Bonds
31. Base PairingGuanine And ThymineCH3NONONH+-ThymineHONNNNNHHGuanine++-
32. The Watson - Crick Model Of DNA3.4 nm1 nm0.34 nmMajorgrooveMinorgrooveA TT AG CC GC GG CT AA TG CT AA TC G------------------------------
33. What have you learnedCan you ……………… Outline the simple structure of DNAName the four bases and the base pairs in DNADistinguish between coding and non coding structuresDefine triplet base codeOutline the structure of RNAName the bases in RNA and know the function of mRNADiscuss the replication of DNA
34. End