Alcohol amp drugs STUDENT eXPECTATIONS After reviewing this Unit you should be able to Identify Alcohols pathway once ingested Identify the harmful effects amp risks of Alcohol on the body ID: 571918
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Slide1
Alcohol & drugs
Effects & Risks to Your HealthSlide2
STUDENT EXPECTATIONS
After reviewing this Unit, you should be able to:
Identify Alcohol’s pathway once ingested
Identify the harmful effects & risks of Alcohol on the body
Define Blood Alcohol Concentration & factors that determine a person’s BAC
Identify the differences between drug misuse & abuse
Identify the categories of drugs, effects, & risks on the bodySlide3
Alcohol Pre-Test (true or false)
Beer is “weaker” than rum or vodka ____________
Alcohol is digested the same way food is digested ____________
Because alcohol is a stimulant, it tends to pep
you up____________
The liver is the organ responsible for “burning up” the alcohol in the body ________
The body can eliminate about 5 ounces of alcohol per hour __________
BAC or BAL refers to the amount of calories in an alcoholic beverage __________
Black coffee & a cold shower can help to sober you up _____________
It is possible to die from an overdose of alcohol ______________
Alcohol does the greatest damage to the liver, brain, and heart ____________
Alcohol is high in calories and has no nutritional value ______________Slide4
Alcohol pre-test Answers
TRUE – based on percentage of alcohol by volume
FALSE – Alcohol is digested by different organs in the body
FALSE – Alcohol is a Depressant (slows body down)
TRUE
TRUE – 5 oz. wine, 1.5 oz. shot of liquor, or 12 oz. can of beer
FALSE – BAC/BAL stands for how much alcohol(%) is in the bloodstream
FALSE – only way to eliminate alcohol is through urine, sweat, or liver
TRUE – depends on a person’s BAC & other factors
TRUE
TRUE Slide5
Alcohol: its process, types, &
standard drink
Alcohol is referred to ethanol & is made through a process called
Fermentation
– a conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast
Fermentation will yield certain types of alcohol such
as beer, wine, and liquors (vodka)
Standard Drink Equivalents:
Beer =
12 ounces or 7%ABV,
Wine =
4-5 ounces or 12-15%ABV,
Liquor (80pf) =
1.5 ounces or 40-70%ABV Slide6
Alcohol’s pathway
Mouth
: Alcohol enters the body
Stomach
: some alcohol gets into the bloodstream but most goes to the small intestine
Small Intestine
: alcohol enters the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine
Heart
: pumps alcohol throughout the body
Brain
: alcohol reaches the brain from the bloodstream
Liver
: alcohol is
oxidized (burned up)
by the liver at a
rate
of .5-1
fluid ounces per hour
Alcohol is converted into water, carbon dioxide, & energySlide7
Short & long-term effects
SHORT
Relaxing
effect
Slurred speech
Slowed
reaction time, coordination, & concentration & vision
Altered emotions
More blood flow to surface of skin & lower core body temperature
LONG
Brain
–
disrupts
behavior, learning, & memory
Heart
– blood pressure increases –
heart disease, heart attack or stroke
Lungs
– damage cells of lungs to remove fluids (choking),
reduces immune response
Liver
– organ
responsible for filtering alcohol
from the bloodstream
- Cirrhosis = scarring of liver tissue
- CancerSlide8
Blood Alcohol concentration (BAC)
Ratio of Alcohol to Blood in the body
(%)
5 Factors that influence a person’s BAC:
Gender
- stronger effect on females
Body Weight-
A heavy weight results in more fluids to mix w/alcohol resulting in a lower BAC
Strength & Size of Drink
-
Stronger alcohol content consumed, higher BAC will rise & larger drinks contain more alcohol
Food
- possible to slow rate in which alcohol is absorbed
Time
- faster a person drinks, quicker their BAC will riseSlide9
BAC Level
.08 BAC Level
Illegal for a person 21 or older to drive
a vehicle
Person is 11 times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than someone who has had nothing to drink
.
02
BAC Level
Illegal for a person 16-20 years of age to drive
a vehicle
All drivers under 21 who commit a DUI can be subject to a 6 month driver’s license suspension, probation, fined, or jailedSlide10
Medicine vs. Drugs – Misuse vs. Abuse
Medicine
–
drug(s) that
are used to
treat illness or relieve pain
(
tylenol
for a headache)
2 Types:
OTC (over the counter)
– no need for a written prescription
Prescription (Rx)
– written order from a doctor (
anitbiotics
)
Drugs
-
chemical substances
taken into the body that can
change
the structure or function of body/mind (increase heart rate or hallucinations)
Misuse
–
Inappropriate use of prescribed or non-prescribed medicine
, for other non-medical purposes.
Abuse
–
repeatedly and willfully using a drug
in a way other than prescribed or socially sanctionedSlide11
Categories of drugs
Cannabinoids
Marijuana, Hashish
-Smoked, swallowed
Effects:
Euphoria
, slow reaction time, distorted sensory perception
Risks:
Frequent
respiratory infections
,
cough
,
addiction
, memory loss
Opioids
Heroin
- Injected, smoked, swallowed
Effects:
Impaired
coordination, slow/arrested breathing
Risks:
Addiction
, fatal overdose, hepatitis,
HIVSlide12
Categories of drugs
Stimulants
Cocaine, Amphetamine, Methamphetamines
- Inhaled, Injected, taken orally
Effects:
Increases all body functions
, i.e., heart rate, breathing rate, anxiety, psychosis
Risks:
Cardiac complications, seizures, nasal damage, dental problems,
addiction
Club Drugs
MDMA (Ecstasy), Rohypnol, GHB
Known as Date Rape Drugs
- Swallowed, snorted, injected
Effects:
Lowered inhibitions, sedation, muscle relaxation, confusion,
memory loss
Risks:
Impaired memory, seizures, coma, addiction &
at risk to be assaultedSlide13
Categories of drugs
Hallucinogens
LSD, mushrooms, peyote
- Swallowed, smoked
Effects:
Increased
body temp, blood pressure, heart rate, altered states of perception & feeling
Risks:
Flashbacks (causes brain to misfire & send incorrect signals
)
Anabolic Steroids
Man-made substance related to testosterone
(HGH)
- Injected, swallowed, absorbed through skin
Risks:
Males
– reduced sperm production, breast tissue growth (enlargement), shrunken testicles
Females
– menstrual irregularities, take on male characteristics (deeper voice, hair growth)Slide14
Categories of drugs
Depressants
Xanax, Valium
, Alcohol
- Swallowed, injected
Effects:
Slows do
wn body functions
Sedation, drowsiness, impaired coordination/memory
Risks:
Decrease
in blood pressure, breathing, respiratory arrest, death
Inhalants
Substances whose
fumes are breathed in
to produce mind-altering effects
- cleaning fluids, gas, paints
Effect:
Depresses Central Nervous System,
open sores around mouth/nose
, odor on breath
Risks:
Lack of oxygen to brain
, slows breathing/heart rate, death