How do populations interact Populations compete amongst themselves amp between other populations amongst themselves Populations compete amongst themselves amp between other populations ID: 619223
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Slide1
How do populations interact?Slide2
Populations compete amongst themselves & between other populations
…amongst themselvesSlide3
Populations compete amongst themselves & between other populations
…amongst themselves
…between DIFFERENT populationsSlide4
dayum
!Slide5
Populations compete amongst themselves &
between
other populations…
…amongst themselves
…
between
DIFFERENT
populationsSlide6
Populations
COMPETE
amongst themselves &
between
other
populations & BETWEEN TROPHIC LEVELS!Slide7
ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS show the FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS among GROUPS of ORGANISMS.Slide8
LET’S MAKE THREE!!!!Slide9
ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS measure THREE THINGS!
NUMBERS
BIOMASS
ENERGYSlide10
3 ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS
NUMBERS of
individuals in a community
BIOMASS—amount of MASS they make up
ENERGY—the amount of energy (calories)
that flows through a communitySlide11
LET’S START OFF EASY…Slide12
3 ECOLOGY PYRAMIDS
NUMBERS of
individuals in a community
BIOMASS—amount of MASS they make up
ENERGY—the amount of energy (calories)
that flows through a communitySlide13
Pick a critter
that
could be
on the FOURTH
trophic level
! (a TERTIARY consumer-something that EATS a carnivore)Slide14
Choose one side of your pyramids sheet as a NUMBERS pyramid. DRAW or LABEL ONE of these consumers here!
He’s a TERTIARY CONSUMER!
4
TH
TROPHIC LEVEL
NUMBERS pyramidSlide15
Now pick a CARNIVORE that this TERTIARY consumer would eat…be imaginative!Slide16
The SNAKE will need to eat a lot of RATS, and FROGS, even a rabbit or two every month to keep alive.
SO, IF YOU HAD 1 SNAKE AT THE TOP OF YOUR PYRAMID…HOW MANY
CREATURES
SHOULD YOU HAVE AT THIS NEXT TROPHIC LEVEL?
10
3
RD
TROPHIC LEVEL
NUMBERS pyramidSlide17
Now check
this
food web to find who your PRIMARY CONSUMERS
are…Slide18
Now check
this
food web to find who your PRIMARY CONSUMERS
(herbivores) are…Slide19
PUT YOUR PRIMARY CONSUMERS/HERBIVORES RIGHT ABOVE YOUR BOTTOM ROW/PERIOD.
SO, IF YOU HAD 10 CREATURES AT THE 3
RD
TROPHIC LEVEL, HOW MANY
HERBIVORES
SHOULD YOU HAVE?
100
100
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
10Slide20
Each FROG, DRAGONFLY and THRUSH would have to eat PLENTY of BUTTERFLIES, FRUITFLIES and other HERBIVOROUS INSECTS to survive!!
SO, IF YOU HAD 10 CREATURES AT THE 3
RD
TROPHIC LEVEL, HOW MANY DO HERBIVORES SHOULD YOU HAVE?
100
100
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
10Slide21
The 1
st
trophic level should ALWAYS be the one full of PRODUCERS/AUTOTROPHS
.
1
ST
TROPHIC LEVELSlide22
Check for your autotrophs…Slide23
Your BOTTOM ROW/period should be ALWAYS filled by PRODUCERS/AUTOTROPHS.
So, how many numbers of producers /autotrophs are at the base of this numbers pyramid?
1000
100
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
10
1000Slide24
don’t forget to put
numbers
in your numbers pyramid!Slide25
AS YOU GO DOWN
EACH
TROPHIC
LEVEL
EVERYTHING
INCREASES 10-TIMES!
RULE
OF
10
100x
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
10x
1000x
1xSlide26
As you move UP each trophic level, how many organisms are available at next higher trophic level?
10%
50%
90%
100%
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
TEST for UNDERSTANDING!Slide27
As you move up each trophic level, how many organisms are available at next higher trophic level?
only 10%
50%
90%
100%
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
Slide28
EACH TIME YOU GO UP A TROPHIC LEVEL, WE
GET
90
% FEWER ORGANISMS.
RULE
OF
10
100
NUMBERS pyramid
1
st
trophic level
3
rd
2
nd
4
th
10
1000Slide29
NUMBERS
ECOLOGY PYRAMID:
POPULATION SIZE DECREASES by 90% each levelSlide30
LET’S DO ANOTHER..Slide31
http://www.brainpop.com/games/foodchaingame
/#
http://
www.akidsheart.com/animals/sea/foodchain/foodchain.html
LET’S DO ANOTHER…
PICK AN ADJOINING EMPTY PYRAMID YOU HAVEN’T FILLED INSlide32
we’ll call this a
BIOMASS PYRAMIDSlide33
do you remember what
BIOMASS
IS?Slide34
BIO
MASS
is the total amount of living or recently living
matter in our world.
RENEWABLESlide35
Our
BIOMASS PYRAMID measures the
MASS of BIOMASS in EACH TROPHIC LEVEL
EACH TROPHIC LEVEL MEASURES IN
MASS (kg)
RATHER THAN IN NUMBERS.
10 kgSlide36
Our
BIOMASS PYRAMID measures the MASS of BIOMASS in EACH TROPHIC LEVEL
NOTE HOW WE MEASURE EACH TROPHIC LEVEL IN
MASS (kg)
RATHER THAN IN NUMBERS.
10 kg
Yours should too!Slide37
we’ll call this a
BIOMASS PYRAMID
DOES BIOMASS INCREASE or DECREASE as you MOVE DOWN to the 1
ST
TROPHIC LEVEL?
BIOMASS pyramidSlide38
we’ll call this a
BIOMASS PYRAMID
DOES
BIOMASS
(LIKE POPULATION NUMBERS)
INCREASES
as you MOVE DOWN to the 1
ST
TROPHIC LEVEL.
WHY?
BIOMASS pyramidSlide39
Just look outside. Isn’t it OBVIOUS?
Most
of
life in our world are producers. Slide40
HOW MUCH is BIOMASS do we LOSE as we go up EACH TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%
DOES
BIOMASS pyramidSlide41
HOW MUCH is BIOMASS REDUCED as you go UP EACH TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%DOES
BIOMASS pyramidSlide42
So, if you are a WHALE & you need to eat a LOT each day, would you feed on higher or lower trophic levels?Slide43
So, if you are a WHALE & you need to eat a LOT each day, would you feed on higher or lower trophic levels?
LOWER…there’s more food down here!Slide44
So, if we have to feed more people on Earth, will we need to eat more meats or produce?
10%
50%
90%
100%DOES
BIOMASS pyramidSlide45
So, if we have to feed more people on Earth, we need to eat more
produce
?
10%
50%
90%
100%DOES
BIOMASS pyramidSlide46
That’s why it’s cheaper to buy one pound of produce versus one pound of meat!
$1.00
per pound
$10.00
per poundSlide47
Make sure your BIOMASS pyramid has actual MASS in KILOGRAMS on it!
10%
50%
90%
100%DOES
BIOMASS pyramid
Does this
Biomass
Pyramid
also follow
the RULE
of 10?Slide48
Make sure your BIOMASS pyramid has actual MASS in KILOGRAMS on it!
10%
50%
90%
100%DOES
BIOMASS pyramid
Does this
Biomass
Pyramid
also follow
the RULE
of 10?
YUP!!Slide49
last one!Slide50
Let’s do our last ecology pyramid…pick an adjacent side so you can make a pyramid!
How does
energy
flow WITHIN A FOOD WEB?Slide51
ENERGY PYRAMIDS
measure the
amount of
energy in
KILOCALORIES
available at
each trophic level
.
Like the other pyramids, where is most of the energy stored in our world’s food?
ENERGY pyramidSlide52
ENERGY PYRAMIDS
measure the
amount of energy
available at
each trophic level
.
Like the other pyramids, where is most of the energy stored in our world’s food?
ENERGY pyramidSlide53
MOST of our world’s food ENERGY is stored within our AUTOTROPHS because they get their energy
FROM WHERE?
Like the other pyramids, where is most of the energy stored in our world’s food?
the BOTTOM!
ENERGY pyramidSlide54
MOST of our world’s food ENERGY is stored within our AUTOTROPHS because they get their energy FROM THE SUN!!!
We measure biomass in kilograms (Kg), what do we measure ENERGY in?
ENERGY pyramidSlide55
We measure biomass in kilograms (Kg
),
We
measure
BIO
ENERGY in KILOCALORIES
(kcal)
!
ENERGY pyramid
Make sure your ENERGY pyramid is labels with KILOCALORIES (kcal)!!!Slide56
What percent of
ENERGY is LOST
as you GO
UP
each TROPHIC LEVEL?
10%
50%
90%
100%
ENERGY pyramidSlide57
What percent of ENERGY is LOST as you GO UP each TROPHIC LEVEL?
RULE of 10!
10%
50%
90%
100%
ENERGY pyramidSlide58
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level.
%
Where does 90% of the energy go?
ENERGY pyramidSlide59
As we EAT we lose body _ _ _ _!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thhsuwYt_hQSlide60
As we EAT we LOSE body HEAT!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thhsuwYt_hQSlide61
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level.
ENERGY pyramid
Most energy is lost
by higher trophic level
consumers as HEATSlide62
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level.
ENERGY pyramid
Most energy
is lost by consumers at higher
trophic level
as
HEAT
From running or
flying around to/from
prey/food!Slide63
Only 10% of chemical energy is available to the next highest trophic level. MOST ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT!
Draw this arrow & note what’s written inside!
ENERGY pyramid
ENERGY is increasingly LOST as HEATSlide64
REMEMBER THE
RULE OF 10: As you go up a trophic level, only 10% of the NUMBERS, MASS & ENERGY is available for the next level.Slide65
tiered discussion follows…Slide66
….that 1
st
trophic level?
why is there the most energy with producers???Slide67
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
Decomposers
FIRST TROPHIC
TROPHIC LEVELS represent TRANSFERS OF ENERGY from one organism to another.
2
ND
TROPHIC
3
RD
TROPHIC
4
TH
TROPHIC
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLESlide68
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
Decomposers
FIRST TROPHIC
TROPHIC LEVELS represent TRANSFERS OF ENERGY from one organism to another.
2
ND
TROPHIC
3
RD
TROPHIC
4
TH
TROPHIC
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLESlide69
WHO
NEEDS MORE ENERGY TO GET FOOD?
LOW LEVEL PRODUCERS?
UPPER LEVEL CONSUMERS?
BUT…Slide70
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
Decomposers
FIRST TROPHIC
Upper trophic levels have the least energy available & they use the most energy to hunt, flee & reproduce.
2
ND
TROPHIC
3
RD
TROPHIC
4
TH
TROPHIC
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY NEEDEDSlide71
HOW IRONIC!!!Slide72
We LOSE 90% of energy as we go up trophic levels!Slide73
We LOSE 90% of energy as we go up trophic levels!
As HEATSlide74
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
Decomposers
FIRST TROPHIC
Upper trophic levels have the least energy available & they use the most energy to hunt, flee & reproduce.
2
ND
TROPHIC
3
RD
TROPHIC
4
TH
TROPHIC
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY NEEDEDSlide75
When dinosaurs’ environment changed, there was
NOT enough food energy
to meet their GARGANTUAN energy needs at higher trophic levels!Slide76
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
Decomposers
FIRST TROPHIC
TROPHIC LEVELS represent TRANSFERS OF ENERGY from one organism to another.
2
ND
TROPHIC
3
RD
TROPHIC
4
TH
TROPHIC
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
IT’S RISKY & COMPETITIVE UP HERE!Slide77
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
Decomposers
FIRST TROPHIC
Upper trophic levels have the least energy available & they use the most energy to hunt, flee & reproduce.
2
ND
TROPHIC
3
RD
TROPHIC
4
TH
TROPHIC
MOST ENERGY AVAILABLE
LEAST ENERGY AVAILABLE
MOST ENERGY NEEDEDSlide78
Your
PYRAMID should
have THREE (3) SIDES!Slide79
ENERGY BIOMASS NUMBERS Slide80
NOW CUT UP YOUR PYRAMID SHEET AND GLUE IT TOGETHER TO COMPLETE YOUR PYRAMID!Slide81
Some follow-up questions…Slide82
If the world becomes way too overpopulated, why will we eat less meat?Slide83
What costs less:
Pound of apples or pound of shrimp?
Pound of bread or a pound of hamburger?
Pound of sugar or pound of chicken?Slide84
What costs less: WHY?????
Pound of apples
or pound of shrimp?
Pound of bread
or a pound of hamburger?
Pound of sugar or pound of chicken?Slide85
BIOMASS
ecology PYRAMID:
AVAILABLE
BIOMASS
DECREASESSlide86
Energy pyramid…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CReZd9OHEfsSlide87
ENERGY
ecological PYRAMID:Slide88
ENERGY
ecological PYRAMID:Slide89
ENERGY
ecological PYRAMID:Slide90
ENERGY
ecological PYRAMID: We lose more energy the higher trophic levels we go!Slide91
As we EAT, we LOSE ENERGY as body HEAT!
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=thhsuwYt_hQSlide92
Your ecology pyramid should have three (3) sides: ENERGY BIOMASS NUMBERS Slide93
DON’T FORGET TO
SHOW THE FOLLOWING!
NUMBERS pyramid:
show, label & draw numbers of producers, consumers (primary…etc.)
BIOMASS pyramid:
show, label and draw different organisms, show
masses with the RULE of 10
ENERGY pyramid:
show, label and draw
different
organisms, show
energies
with
the RULE of 10